L Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists. TTTEN & BOULGER, A BIOaEAPHICAL INDEX OF BKITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS COMPILED BY JAMES BEITTEN, F.L.S. SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BBITISH MUSEUM AKD G. S. BOULGEE, E.L. S., F. G. S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE LONDON WEST, NEWMAN & CO 54 HATTON GARDEN 1893 LONDON PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND HATTON GAEDEN PEEFACE. A FEW words of explanation as to the object and scope of this Index may fitly appear as an introduction to the work. It is intended mainly as a guide to further information, and not as a bibliography or biography. We have been liberal in including all who have in any way contributed to the literature of Botany, who have made scientific collections of plants, or have otherwise assisted directly in the progress of Botany, exclusive of pure Horticulture. We have not, as a rule, included those who were merely patrons of workers, or those known only as contributing small details to a local Flora. Where known, the name is followed by the years of birth and death, which, when uncertain, are marked with a ? or c. [circa) ; or merely approximate dates of "flourishing" are given. Then follows the place and day of bu'th and death, and the place of burial ; a brief indication of social position or occupation, espe- cially in the cases of artisan botanists and of professional collectors; chief university degrees, or other titles or offices held, and dates of election to the Linnean and Eoyal Societies. A reference is then generally made to some botanical work or works justifying the inclusion of the name in the list, and terse encomia by eminent botanists are occasionally quoted. The present where- abouts of correspondence or MSS., and the existence of any herbarium or of plants collected, are next noted. Eeference is then given to the chief sources of further information. Here, Pulteney's 'Sketches of the Progress of Botany' (1790), Eees' Cyclopsedia (1819-20), in which many of the biographies were written by Sir J, E. Smith, Pritzel's ' Thesaurus Literatures ' ' Botanicae ' (1872), Jackson's Guide to Literature of Botany (1881), and the Eoyal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers (vols, i.-ix.), are first quoted; then the fullest known record is given; and, lastly, a reference to the 'Dictionary of National Biography ' (vols, i.-xxxiii.), so far as issued to the end of 1892. Mention is then made of any portrait, original or engraved, of any genus dedicated to the botanist in question, or, failing any such vi PREFACE. genus, of a species. Where a name occurs on many pages of Mr. Jackson's work, our reference is to the index of that work. Although our information is largely derived from printed sources, it is also the result of private letters of inquiry ; and where we differ from the various published biographies, it by no means indicates that we have not consulted them, or that we are necessarily wrong. Most of our abbreviations are so generally used as to require no explanation, though we are conscious that, in this and in other points, we have not always followed a uniform usage. PI. for plants, Fl. for Flora, and Herb, for Herbarium need no glossary. The work originated in the want felt by the compilers of some reference-hst of byegone workers in Botany. After several years of preparation, we thought it sufficiently advanced for publication at the beginning of 1888, and from that date down to the end of 1891 it appeared almost continuously month by month in the Journal of Botany (vols, xxvi.-xxix.). During its appearance we received many gratifying letters of approval and encouragement from botanists of eminence in all parts of the world, and much valuable supplementary information. No one can be more fully aware than we are of the numerous imperfections in our records. Such a work must of necessity contain errors both of commission and of omission, and few who consult it can form an adequate opinion of the labour involved in collecting information which, when set down, may appear of the most meagre character. Our plan somewhat extended itself as the serial issue of om' work proceeded, and this, coupled with such corrections as reached us, has necessitated a more complete re-editing of the entire Index than we anticipated. This has occupied us for more than a year, and enabled us to bring down our record to the end of 1892. The extent of this revision may be gauged from the facts that, whereas the issue in the Journal of Botany comprised 1,619 names, occupying 148 pages, an average of over ten names to the page, in its present form our little book contains 1,825 names, and occupies 188 pages, an average of less than ten names to the page. The following is a list, with abbreviated titles, of the chief sources of information which are quoted by some abbreviation. It probably does not include a tithe of the works actually con- sulted, many of which are referred to under titles so little shortened as to require no explanation. June 1, 1893. vii LIST OF THE CHIEF BOOKS AND OTHER SOURCES CONSULTED AND QUOTED. Addit. MS. 'Additional Manuscripts added to the British Museum since the publication of Ayscough's Catalogue in 1782. Allibone. Critical Dictionary of Enghsh Literature, by S. A. Alhbone, 1859-71. Almagest. {See Pluk. Almagest.) Alumn. 0x071. ' Alumni Oxonienses,' by Joseph Foster, ' Early ' Series,' 1500-1714, in four vols. ; and 1715-1886,' in four vols., 1887-8. Amer. Jo^orn. Sci. 'American Journal of Science and Arts,' 1819- 1892. Andr. Bot. Bep. ' Botanists' Eepository,' edited by H. C. Andrews, 1797-1814, 10 vols. Ann. d Mag. ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' 1841-92. Ann. Bot. ' Annals of Botany,' edited by C. Konig and J. Sims, ' London, 2 vols., 1805-6 ; and Annals of Botany,' edited by I. B. Balfour and others, Oxford, 1887-92. 'Annual Monitor, or Obituary of the Society of Friends,' 1813-67. Appleton, or Appleton's Cyclopced. Americ. Biog. ' Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography,' 6 vols., 1887-89. ' Athenceum,' London, 1828-92. Ath. Oxon. or Ath. Ox. 'Athenge Oxonienses,' by Anthony k Wood, edited by P. Bhss, 1813-20, in 4 vols. Bah. Fl. Gamhr. ' Flora of Cambridgeshire,' by C. C. Babington, 1860. Baillon. ' Dictionnaire de Botanique,' by Henri Baillon, Paris, 1876-92. Baxter, Brit. Phcznog. Bot. ' British Phaenogamous Botany,' by William Baxter, 6 vols., 1834-43. Biog. Britann. ' Biographia Britannica,' 6 vols., London, 1747- 66. Biog. Brit. Literar. ' Biographia Britannica Literaria,' by Thomas Wright, F.S.A., 1842. Biog. Univ. ' Biographie Universelle,' Paris, 1811-29, 52 vols. Birds of Essex. ' The Birds of Essex,' by Miller Christy, 1890. Bhime Fl. Jav. ' Flora Javae,' by K. L. Blume, 1828-49 and 1858-62. Boase. ' Modern Enghsh Biography,' by F. Boase, vol. i. (A-H), viii LIST OP AUTHOEITIES QUOTED. * Bot. Biol. Centr. Amer. Biologia Centrali-Americana ' (Botany), by W. B. Hemsley, 1879-88. Bot. Challenger. ' Eeport on the scientific results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger : Botany,' 1885-6, 2 vols. Bot, Chronicle. ' The Botanist's Chronicle,' edited by Alex, Irvine, London, 1863-5. Bot. Dept. The Botanical Department of the British Museum (Natural History). Bot. E. Bord. ' Botany of the Eastern Borders,' by George Johnston, 1853. Bot. Gazette. ' The Botanical Gazette,' edited by A. Henfrey, London, 3 vols., 1849-51. Bot. Guide. 'The Botanist's Guide through England and Wales,' by Dawson Turner and Lewis Weston Dillwyn, London, 2 vols., 1805. 'Bot. Herald.' Botany of the Voyage of the Herald, by B. Seemann, 1852-7. Bot. Misc. 'Botanical Miscellany,' 1830-33, edited by W. J. Hooker. Bot. Mag. ' The Botanical Magazine,' London, 1787-1892. Bot. Beg. ' The Botanical Eegister,' 1815-47. Brit. Alg. ' Manual of British Algae,' by W. H. Harvey, 1841. Bryan. ' Dictionary of Painters and Engravers,' by Michael Bryan, edited by H. Ottley, 1866. Biill. Soc. Bot. France. 'Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France,' 1854-92. BiLXton Bot. Guide. ' Botanical Guide to Manchester,' by Eichard Buxton, 1849. Cash. ' Where there's a Will there's a Way,' by James Cash, 1873. Chalmers. ' General Biographical Dictionary,' revised by Alex- ander Chalmers, 1812-17, 32 vols. Collins, ' N.S. Wales.' ' New South Wales,' by David ColUns, 2nded., 1804. Comp. Bot. Mag. 'Companion to the Botanical Magazine,' by W. J. Hooker, 2 vols, 1835-6. Cooper, Athen. Cantah. ' Athense Cantabrigienses,' by C. H. Cooper, 2 vols., 1858-61. Cot. Gard. 'The Cottage Gardener,' 1849-60 (continued as ' Journal of Horticulture '). Cyb. Hib. ' Cybele Hibernica,' by D. Moore and A. G. More, 1866. Davies, Welsh Bot. ' Welsh Botanology,' by Eev. Hugh Davies, 1813. DC. Syst. ' Eegni Vegetabilis Systema,' by A. P. de CandoUe, 2 vols., 1818-21. Diet. Nat. Biog. 'Dictionary of National Biography,' edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, vols, i.-xxxiii., London, 1885-92. Donaldson's Agric. Biog. ' Agricultural Biography,' by John Donaldson, 1854. Drake, Diet. Amer. Biog. ' Dictionary of American Biography,' Boston, 1872. LIST OP AUTHORITIES QUOTED. ix Dnjancl. or Dryander. ' Catalogus Bibliothecoo Historico-naturalis Josephi Banks,' by Jonas Dryander, 1798-1800, 5 vols. E.B., E. Bot., or Eng. Bot. ' English Botany,' by James Edward vols., 1790- Smith, M.D. ; the figures by James Sowerby, 36 1814. E. B. S. ' Supplement to English Botany,' London, 5 vols., 1831-63. Elliott, Bot. Carolina. ' Botany of South Carohna,' by S. Elliott, 1821-4, 2 vols. Encyc. Brit. ' Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 9th edition, 24 vols., 1875-88. Encycl. Gard. ' An Encyclopsedia of Gardening,' by J.