Master thesis –Water Science and Management A pro-active regional control system framework for the polder “De Eendragt” in the Netherlands. Name: Nathalie van Tricht Student number: 6940420 Date 4th August, 2021 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] University Supervisor: Dr. Jaivime Evaristo Internship Organization: Waterschap Hollandse Delta (WSHD) Department AA (Advice & Automation) Supervisor internship organization: Thijs IJpelaar Period 8th February till 3rd July, 2021 30 ECTS 3rd and 4th period Wordcount: 12.986 Index 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Climate change effects on weather extremes .......................................................... 8 1.1.1. Climate change effects on global precipitation patterns ...................................... 8 1.1.2. Climate chance effects in the Netherlands ....................................................... 9 1.1.3. Challenges polder systems............................................................................ 9 1.1.4. Smart water management ........................................................................... 10 1.2. Water management at WSHD ............................................................................. 11 1.2.1. A new vision ............................................................................................. 11 1.2.2. Technical automation at WSHD ..................................................................... 12 1.3. Societal significance .......................................................................................... 13 1.4. Scientific significance ........................................................................................ 14 1.5. Research aim + research questions ..................................................................... 14 1.5.1. Aim ......................................................................................................... 14 1.5.2. Research question ...................................................................................... 14 2. Method .............................................................................................................. 15 2.1. Study Area ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Methods .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3. Methods of data collection .................................................................................. 19 3. Results............................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Question 1: Water Management goals WSHD ........................................................ 21 3.1.1. Water management goals WSHD .................................................................. 21 3.1.2. Translation Eendragt polder ......................................................................... 23 3.1.3. Current management strategies in the Eendragt polder .................................... 28 3.2. Question 2: Best practices Smart water management ............................................. 32 3.2.1. Meteorological data .................................................................................... 32 3.2.2. Parameters ............................................................................................... 33 3.2.3. Groundwater levels .................................................................................... 33 3.2.4. Data locations ........................................................................................... 33 3.2.5. Limit & signal values ................................................................................... 33 3.2.6. Important lessons implementation DSS ......................................................... 34 3.3. Question 3 Scenarios......................................................................................... 35 3.3.1. Goals regular circumstances ........................................................................ 35 3.3.2. Goals during a prolonged drought ................................................................. 36 3.3.3. Goals intense rainfall .................................................................................. 39 3.3.4. Proposed management intense rainfall ........................................................... 41 3.4. Question 4: Effectiveness rainfall management strategy .......................................... 44 3.4.1. SOBEK model Eendragt polder...................................................................... 44 3.4.2. SOBEK simulations Equal filling degree .......................................................... 47 ii 3.4.3. SOBEK simulations Risk informed management ............................................... 48 3.4.4. Measurement locations SOBEK simulations ..................................................... 49 3.4.5. Results Equal filling degree .......................................................................... 51 3.4.6. Results Risk informed management ............................................................... 55 3.5. Question 5: Algorithms intense rainfall event......................................................... 58 4. Discussion (max 1000 words) now 1113 words ......................................................... 64 5. Conclusion (443 words) ........................................................................................ 66 6. References ......................................................................................................... 67 iii Translation Dutch terminology to English terminology Bemalingsgebied Polder Beslissingsondersteunend system Decision support system Gebiedsregeling Regional control system Kunstwerken Assets such as pumps, weirs and inlets Maaiveld Ground level Nieuwe Besturing Watersysteem New Control of the Water System Peil beheerder Water level manager Peilgebieden Sub-polder Abbreviation terms DSS Decision support system GIS Geographic Information System NAP Normaal Amsterdams Peil PLC Programmable Logic Controller RCS Regional control system SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition TA Technical Automatization WHO World Health Organization Abbreviation organizations BZK Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties CBS Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KNMI Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut lenW Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat Ministerie van LNV Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit RIVM Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu STOWA Stichting Toegepast Onderzoek Waterbeheer WFD Water Framework Directive WSHD Waterschap Hollandse Delta (Water board Hollandse Delta) iv Key concepts Concept Definition Climate adaptation Adaptation of the (urban)environment to anticipate the adverse effects of climate change. Decision support system Is a “computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities” (Tekinerdogan, 2021). The DSS is designed in such a way that it can gather various types of external information. A DSS can be developed in multiple levels of complexity. In the first option, the DSS uses data input for giving predictions about the occurrence of certain scenarios. Based on these predictions the DSS can give recommendations on which regional control system could best be applied. In the second level, the DSS anticipates automatically to the predicted changing circumstances. In this option, the management of the water system is completely automated. Drought A drought can be defined as a sustained period of below normal water availability (Van Loon, 2015). o Meteorological drought: usually occurs over a large area over an extensive period, during this period there is a precipitation deficiency in combination with increased evapotranspiration (Van Loon, 2015). o Hydrological drought: there is a lack of water in the hydrological system (Van Loon, 2015). o Soil moisture or agricultural drought: occurs when there is a deficit of soil moisture, causing crop failure (Van Loon, 2015). o Socio-economic drought: water resources does not meet the (agricultural) demands (Van Loon, 2015). Inundation The water level in the waterway becomes higher than the ground level, this is due to heavy precipitation and runoff. In this situation the water flows from the waterway to the surrounding area, inundation on land occurs (Oomen, et al., 2011). Regional control system A set of rules that determines how assets withing a water system are controlled during certain pre-defined scenarios. In contrast to the traditional local operation of assets, regional control systems use a broader set of available measurements within a polder to fine-tune the control of assets. The concept of regional control systems is WSHD-specific. Short rain floods During short but intense rainfall events the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil, this causes the soil to saturate, if sloped runoff occurs (Merz & Blöschl, 2003). Smart water management A transparent trade-off between multiple steering options is given by a quantified argumentation, this can be achieved by making use of an automated system such as regional control systems, DSS or model predictive control. v Acknowledgements Water board Hollandse Delta is in the orienting phase of implementing “Smart” water management.