DAN SMOOT THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT ; The Americanist Library . reaches for its manuscripts to every corner of the earth, and to every era of marts culture. For the ideals represented by America at its best have been acclaimed alike by the Roman Cicero two thousand years ago; by the Frenchman Bastiat a hundred years ago; and by the Korean Syngman Rhee only yesterday. ... is published for readers of every clime and color and creed, and of every nationality. An American or a German or an Egyptian or a Japanese or an Australian a Catholic or a Protestant or a Jew or a Mohammedan or a Buddhist; each alike can be or become a good ameri- canist, in the fundamental meaning of that term which these volumes will strengthen and support. ... seeks to make readily available, in a uniform and inexpensive format, a growing series of great books that define many battle lines m the long war between freedom and slavery. The first fully recorded engagement in that war was between the constructive forces of Athenian in- dividualism and the destructive forces of Spartan col- lectivism. Those prototypes find their recurrent spiritual reincarnation today in the bitter contemporary struggle between the americanist and the communist systems. For the americanist, always and everywhere, education is the basic strategy, and truth is the vital weapon. It is the purpose of this series to supply searchlights and alarm bells, and weaponry and the will to win, for those who believe that Bryant’s admonition must be heeded in every age; "Not yet, O Freedom! close thy lids in slumber, for thine enemy never sleeps.” The INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT DAN SMOOT Published by Western Islands * Boston * Los Angeles THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT A Western Islands book, published by arrangement with the copyright owner. This reprint is complete and unabridged. PRINTING HISTORY Dan Smoot Report, Inc. edition published 1962 Americanist Library edition published 1965 Copyright © 1962 by Dan Smoot All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Published by Western Islands Belmont, Massachusetts 02178 “I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a whole- some discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education —Thomas Jefferson CONTENTS Foreword ix 1 History and the Council 1 2 World War II and Tragic Consequences 17 3 FPA—World Affairs Councils—IPR 25 4 Committee for Economic Development 36 5 Business Advisory Council 59 6 Advertising Council 70 7 United Nations and World Government Propaganda 75 8 Foreign Aid 95 9 More of the Interlock 101 10 Communications Media 113 11 Interlocking Untouchables 118 12 Why? What Can We Do? 127 Appendix 1 137 Appendix 2 153 About the Author 181 Index 183 FOREWORD On May 30, 1961, President Kennedy departed for Europe and a summit meeting with Khrushchev. Every day the Presidential tour was given banner headlines; and the meet- ing with Khrushchev was reported as an event of earth- shaking consequence. It was an important event. But a meeting which was probably far more important, and which had commanded no front-page headlines at all, ended quietly on May 29, the day before President and Mrs. Kennedy set out on their grand tour. On May 12, 1961, Dr. Philip E. Mosely, Director of Studies of the Council on Foreign Relations, announced that, Prominent Soviet and American citizens will hold a week-long unofficial conference on Soviet-American re- lations in the Soviet Union, beginning May 22. Dr. Mosely, a co-chairman of the American group, said that the State Department had approved the meeting but that the Americans involved would go as “private citizens” and would express their own views. The New York Times’ news story on Dr. Mosely’s an- nouncement (May 13, 1961) read: The importance attached by the Soviet Union to the meeting appears to be suggested by the fact that the So- viet group will include three members of the commu- nist party’s Central Committee . and one candidate member of that body .... The meeting, to be held in the town of Nizhnyaya Oreanda, in the Crimea, will follow the pattern of a similar unofficial meeting, in which many of the same persons participated, at Dartmouth College last fall. The meetings will take place in private and there are no plans to issue an agreed statement on the subjects dis- cussed .... The topics to be discussed include disarmament and the guaranteeing of . international peace, the role of ix X THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT the United Nations in strengthening international se- curity, the role of advanced nations in aiding under- developed countries, and the prospects for peaceful and improving Soviet-United States relations. The Dartmouth conference last fall and the scheduled Crimean conference originated from a suggestion made by Norman Cousins, editor of The Saturday Review and co-chairman of the American group going to the Crimea, when he visited the Soviet Union a year and a half ago .... Mr. Cousins and Dr. Mosely formed a small Ameri- can group early last year to organize the conferences. It received financial support from the Ford Foundation for the Dartmouth conference and for travel costs to the Crimean meeting. The group selected the American representatives for the two meetings. Among those who participated in the Dartmouth con- ference were several who have since taken high posts in the Kennedy Administration, including Dr. Walt W. Ros- tow, now an assistant to President Kennedy, and George F. Kennan, now United States Ambassador to Yugo- slavia .... The head of the Soviet delegation to the meeting in the Soviet Union, May 22, 1961, was Alekesander Y. Korneichuk, a close personal friend of Khrushchev. The American citi- zens scheduled to attend included besides Dr. Mosely and Mr. Cousins: Marian Anderson, the singer; Dean Erwin N. Griswold, of the Harvard Law School; Gabriel Hauge, former economic adviser to President Eisenhower and now an executive of the Manufacturers Trust Company; Dr. Margaret Mead, a widely known anthropologist whose name (like that of Nor- man Cousins) has been associated with communist front activities in the United States; Dr. A. William Loos, Director of the Church Peace Union; Stuart Chase, American author notable for his pro-socialist, anti-anti-communist attitudes; William Benton, former U.S. Senator, also well-known as a pro-socialist, anti-anti-communist, now Chairman of the Board of Encyclopaedia Britannica; Dr. George Fisher, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Professor Paul M. Doty, Jr., of Harvard’s Chemistry Department; Professor Lloyd Reynolds, Yale University economist; Professor Louis B. Sohn of the Harvard Law School; Dr. Joseph E. Johnson, an old friend and former associate of Alger Hiss in the State Department, who succeeded Hiss as President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and still holds that FOREWORD xi position; Professor Robert R. Bowie, former head of the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff (a job which Hiss also held at one time), now Director of the Center for Inter- national Affairs at Harvard; and Dr. Arthur Larson, former assistant to, and ghost writer for, President Eisenhower. Larson was often called “Mr. Modern Republican,” because the political philosophy which he espoused was precisely that of Eisenhower (Larson is now, 1962, Director of the World Rule of Law Center at Duke University, where his full-time preoccupation is working for repeal of the Connally Reser- vation, so that the World Court can take jurisdiction over United States affairs). I think the meeting which the Council on Foreign Relations arranged in the Soviet Union, in 1961, was more important than President Kennedy’s meeting with Khrushchev, because I am convinced that the Council on Foreign Relations, to- gether with a great number of other associated tax-exempt organizations, constitutes the invisible government which sets the major policies of the federal government; exercises con- trolling influence on governmental officials who implement the policies; and, through massive and skillful propaganda, influences Congress and the public to support the policies. I am convinced that the objective of this invisible govern- ment is to convert America into a socialist state and then make it a unit in a one-world socialist system. My convictions about the invisible government are based on information which is presented in this book. The information about membership and activities of the Council on Foreign Relations and of its interlocking affiliates comes largely from publications issued by those organiza- tions. I am deeply indebted to countless individuals who, when they learned of my interest, enriched my own files with material they had been collecting for years, hoping that someone would eventually use it. I have not managed to get all of the membership rosters and publications issued by all of the organizations discussed. Hence, there are gaps in my information. One aspect of the over-all subject, omitted entirely from this internationalist book, is the working relationship between groups in the United States and comparable groups abroad. The Royal Institute of International Affairs in England (usually called Chatham House) and the American Council on Foreign Relations were both conceived at a dinner meet- xii THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT ing in Paris in 1919. By working with the CFR, the Royal Institute, undoubtedly, has had profound influence on Ameri- can affairs. Other internationalist organizations in foreign lands which work with the American Council on Foreign Relations, in- clude the Institut des Relations Internationales (Belgium), Danish Foreign Policy Society, Indian Council of World Af- fairs, Australian Institute of International Affairs, and similar organizations in France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Tur- key.