Public Disclosure Authorized NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARD LOWER NZOIA IRRIGATION PROJECT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN JANUARY 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by: ESF CONSULTANTS P.O BOX 7745 - 00100 NAIROBI - KENYA TEL : +254 020 3876512 EMAIL:[email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Reviewed and updated by: Lazarus Kubasu (Social Specialist) and Tito Kodiaga (Environmental Specialist) Kenya Water Security and Climate Resilience Project (KWSCRP) 31st January 2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................................................................... 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 8 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 KENYA WATER SECURITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT .......................... 18 2.2 LOWER NZOIA IRRIGATION PROJECT (LNIP) ................................................................ 18 2.2.1 Project Background ........................................................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Project Location .................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.3 Brief Project Description................................................................................................. 19 2.3 IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AREA AND PROJECT BENEFICIARIES .................... 19 2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND ACTIVITIES THAT WILL REQUIRE LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT .............................................................................................. 22 2.5 MECHANISMS USED TO MINIMIZE DISPLACEMENT ................................................... 22 2.6 PROJECT AMOUNT ..................................................................................................................... 22 3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ................................ 24 3.1 SCOPE OF THE RAP .................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RAP ........................................................................................................ 24 3.3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE RAP .................................................................................. 24 3.4 STEPS UNDERTAKEN DURING THE RAP PREPARATION .......................................... 25 4. SOCIO - ECONOMIC SURVEY ........................................................................................................... 27 4.1 SOURCES OF DATA..................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 27 4.2.1 Survey team ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 Survey Methodology ......................................................................................................... 28 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS ............... 28 4.3.1 Population and Demography......................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Education and Health ....................................................................................................... 29 4.3.3 Vulnerable groups ............................................................................................................. 29 4.3.4 Livelihoods and standards of living ............................................................................ 30 4.3.5 Land tenure and ownership .......................................................................................... 30 4.3.6 Socio-cultural characteristics and network support systems .......................... 30 4.3.7 Compensation Preference .............................................................................................. 31 4.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS ..................................................................................... 31 4.5 RAP STUDY TEAM ...................................................................................................................... 32 5. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................ 33 5.1 POTENTIAL AREAS TO BE IMPACTED BY THE LNIP PROJECT................................ 33 5.2 PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS ............................................................................................. 33 5.3 TYPE OF IMPACTS ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.3.1 Category of impact............................................................................................................. 34 2 5.4 MITIGATION MEASURES OF PROJECT IMPACTS ........................................................... 34 5.5 POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 35 5.5.1 Impact on Poverty ............................................................................................................. 35 5.5.2 Impact on Gender and Inequality ................................................................................ 36 5.5.3 Impact on road infrastructure ...................................................................................... 37 5.6 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................... 37 5.6.1 Impacts on Land and structures .................................................................................. 37 5.6.2 Impacts on Loss of Trees and Crops ........................................................................... 38 5.6.3 Impact on the loss of grazing and access to water sources ............................... 38 5.6.4 Impact on Vulnerable groups’ livelihoods and welfare ...................................... 39 5.6.5 Impacts of community assets ........................................................................................ 39 5.6.6 Impact of the cultural sites ............................................................................................. 39 5.6.7 Impact on Food Security and Subsistence................................................................ 40 5.6.8 Limitation to movement and access ........................................................................... 41 5.6.9 Additional Mitigation Measures ................................................................................... 41 6. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 42 6.1 THE NATIONAL LAND POLICY .............................................................................................. 43 6.2 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA ........................................................................................... 44 6.3 LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN KENYA ..................................................................................... 45 6.3.1 Customary Land Tenure .................................................................................................. 45 6.3.2 Freehold Tenure ................................................................................................................. 45 6.3.3 Leasehold Tenure .............................................................................................................. 46 6.3.4 Public Tenure ...................................................................................................................... 46 6.3.5 Public Resources on Public Land ................................................................................. 46 6.4 LAND ACT, 2012 ......................................................................................................................... 47 6.5 LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS ............................................................................................... 47 6.6 CHILDREN AND ORPHANS PROVISION OF LAND POSSESSION .............................. 52 6.7 THE VALUERS ACT..................................................................................................................... 52 7. COMPARISON OF KENYA LAWS AND WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS ........................ 54 7.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORLD BANK OP 4.12 AND KENYAN LAW ........ 55 7.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORLD BANK OP 4.12 AND KENYA’S REQUIREMENTS RELEVANT TO THE PROCESS ......................................................................... 59 8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION ......................................... 60 8.1 MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION (MOWI) ........................................................ 60 8.1.1 Project Management Unit/KWSCRP ........................................................................... 60 8.2 NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARD (NIB) .............................................................................. 60 8.3 NATIONAL LAND COMMISSION (NLC) .............................................................................