the WILDERNESS & LAND ETHIC CURRICULUM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH 8TH GRADE SECOND EDITION Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Contributor: PrimarycreditforinformationfoundinthispublicationgoestoMaryBethHennessy,PikeSan IsabelNationalForest;DavidCockrell,UniversityofSouthernColorado;LindaMarr,Vashon PublicSchools;andKariGunderson,Gunderson/FloodWildernessPartnerships.Othercon- tributorsincludeMicheleVanHare,ArapahoeRooseveltNationalForest;SharonKyhl,Pike SanIsabelNationalForest;SallyBlevinsandRebeccaCothran,BitterrootNationalForest;Joy JolsonandLisaTherill,WenatcheeNationalForest;JeanneMoeandKellyLetts,Bureauof LandManagement;andCliffordKnapp,NorthernIllinoisUniversity.MaryBethHennessy deservesspecialrecognitionfordevelopingcurriculum,conductingteacherworkshopsandfor herenthusiasmanddedicationtowildernesseducation.DavidCockrellandKariGunderson arelikewiseacknowledgedfortheirdedicationtothisproject.LindaMarrcontributedher expertiseasanelementaryteacherandspentcountlesshoursonthisproject.Manyteachersin Colorado,ForestServicewildernessmanagersandinterestedorganizationshavebeeninvolved inpilottestingthiscurriculum,revisions,andteacherworkshops.MarshaKearneyandLance TylerofthePikeSanIsabelNationalForestdeservespecialrecognitionfortheirsupportand enthusiasmforthisproject.ContributingrepresentativesfromTheWildernessEducation CouncilofColorado,WildernessEducationAssociation,ColoradoOutwardBoundSchool, WetlandsandWildlifeAlaskaCurriculum,NationalWildlifeFederation,ProjectWild,Project LearningTree,NaturalResourceConservationEducationandtheWildernessEducationWork- ingGroupgreatlyenhancedthispublication.Artworkforthecoverpagesandcoverwere creativelydesignedbySusanSprague,WallowaWhitmanNationalForest;EvePonder, WenatcheeNationalForestandBobZingmarkfromMissoula,MT. Compilers Contentsforthispublicationcamefromnumerousauthorsandtookvariousforms.Some materialsweresentelectronically,somehardcopieswereprovided,andotherswereindis- ketteform.Convertingtheresourcesusedinthispublicationtoconsistentformatwasan involvedandlaboriousprocess.DawnChase,DaveCornellandMikeCronindisplayedcon- siderablepatience,persistenceandenthusiasm. Supporters Inadditiontodailyduties,NinemileRangerDistrictemployeesstronglysupportedthisand otherNationalWildernessprojects.Theirwillingnesstolendahandwasinvaluable.Special thankstoLynneSholty,PatPerryandLaurieKreisforrespondingquickly,efficientlyand creativelytopurchasingandcontracting,computerrequests,andboxcomponentorderingand development.ThankstoJerrieBullockforadministrativesupport,andtoRachaelKokefor copyingandtypingrequests.Flannelboards,posterlamination,wildcardsarejustafewofthe boxcomponentsthatJimandJeriDavis,VisitorCenterVolunteersandMaureenParkhelped develop. Page i Fortheirvisionofexcellenceinwildernessmanagementandtheirgenuinesupportofthis project,specialthanksareextendedtoJohnTwissandJerryStokes,ForestServiceNational WildernessGroupleaders;KeithCorigall,WesHenryandPeteJerome,NationalWilderness LeadersfromtheBLM,NPSandUSF&WS;RegionalForestServiceWildernessSpecialists:Liz Close,SteveMorton,LeeCarr,RonBradsby,RuthMonahan,TommyBaxter,Margaret Petersen,LarryPhillips,GaylordYostandArnAlbrecht. TheSecondEdition ThisSecondEditionoftheKthrough8WildernessCurriculumwasrevisedandupdatedbyChris RyanandGregKrolloftheArthurCarhartNationalWildernessTrainingCenter,withassistancefrom DavidMensing,BureauofLandManagement,NewMexico. Thechangesmadeinthiseditionarethedirectresultofthemanysuggestionsandinsightsprovided bytheusersoftheoriginalcurriculum.TotheextentthattheSecondEditionbetterserveseducators, students,andthewildernessitself,creditgoestoallofyouwhoprovideduswithfeedback. ConnieG.Myers Director ArthurCarhartNationalWildernessTrainingCenter Page ii FORWARD TO THE PRESENT EDITION ThisSecondEditionoftheWildernessandLandEthicCurriculumisnotamajorrevisionofthe original.Asthepopularityoftheoriginalcurriculumdepletedourstockandcalledforareprinting,we decidedtocorrecttextualerrorsandmakethedocumentmoreuser-friendlybyaddinganindexand cross-references.Crossreferencesaredisplayedinthelessoncross-referencetable,pagesxviii-xx andlistedunder"Seealso"ineachlesson. Wealsosoughttomakethecurriculummorenationalinscope.Theoriginalpublicationborrowed heavilyfromtheoutstandingactivitiesdevelopedbyenvironmentaleducatorsthroughouttheWest, especiallyColorado.Shortofrewritingsignificantsectionsofthecurriculum,wehavetriedtomake manyactivitiesmoreapplicablenationwide.ThoselessonsthatarestillcenteredaroundRocky Mountainecosystemscanbeeasilyadaptedtofitecosystemsanywhereinthecountry;theyhavebeen leftinthecurriculumasexcellentexamplesthatwillsparkyourowncreativity. Themany,manyhoursofeffortthatwentintothecreationoftheoriginalcurriculumanditsrevision areatestamenttotheheartfeltbeliefinthevalueofwildernessheldbysomanyofyou.Asyouutilize thissharedeffortandinstilltheunderstandingitprovidesintoyourstudents,mayyou,too,betouched by“thelonelyplacesonthefaceofMotherEarth,”asAldoLeopoldwrote,“whereallherwaysare pleasantness,andallherpathsarepeace.” Page iii FORWARD TO THE FIRST EDITION Background Thiscurriculumhasevolvedoverathreeyearperiod.Itwasinitiallydevelopedbyindividuals intheRockyMountainRegionoftheForestService,inColorado.Thisversionistheproductof manyteachers,ForestServicewildernessmanagersandinterestedorganizations.MaryBeth Hennessy,LindaMarrandDavidCockrellarethemaincontributors. ThecurriculumhasbeenpilottestedinColoradothroughteacherworkshopsintheurbanareas ofthestate.In1993,theArthurCarhartNationalWildernessTrainingCenterwasdirectedby theirsteeringcommitteetotaketheRockyMountainRegionWildernessBoxanddevelopitfor nationaldistribution. WithhelpfromKariGundersonandcountlessothers,weedited,revised,andreformattedthe K-8curriculumanddevelopedtheboxcomponentstobemoregenericandnationalinscope. Thecurriculumactivitiesandlessonsaretiedtoacollectionofinstructionalaidsincluding skulls,skins,puppets,maps,booksandvideosknownasthe“WildernessLandEthicBox.”The TrainingCenterhasprovided"starterkitWildernessLandEthicsBoxes"forallForestService regionsandotheragenciesintheNationalWildernessPreservationSystem. Thegoalofthisprojectistodevelopanawarenessofthewildernessresourceanditssignifi- cancetoourcultureandsociety.Itisdesignedforuseinurbanclassroomswithoutdepen- denceonany“fieldexperience”(manyareadaptabletoafieldsetting.) Throughcontinuedpartnershipsandcollaborationofallthoseinterestedinforwardingthis educationaltool,thisprojectwillflourishandthelandresourceswillbenefit. Improvements Aswithmanyeffortsthereisundoubtablyroomforimprovement.Welookforwardtoideas, suggestions,andevaluationofthisprojectwiththehopethatWildernesswillbecomerecog- nizedasasignificantaspectofourcountry’sculture,ecologicalhealthandfuture. Page v TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................i ForwardtothePresentEdition ........................................................................................iii ForwardtotheFirstEdition ............................................................................................. v TableofContents ........................................................................................................... ix LessonCross-ReferenceTable ....................................................................................... xv INTRODUCTION Welcome .......................................................................................................................3 GoalsMatrix ..................................................................................................................7 WildBoxMaterials ........................................................................................................9 BACKGROUND Wilderness:WhatIsWilderness? .................................................................................13 WhyWilderness? .........................................................................................................15 Wilderness:ABriefHistory..........................................................................................19 NationalWildernessPreservationSystem ....................................................................22 NationalWildernessPreservationSystemFactSheet ...................................................23 LawsAffectingWildernessManagement ......................................................................24 LandClassificationsRelatedtoWilderness ..................................................................27 Wilderness-RelatedCareerOptions .............................................................................29 WildernessAct.............................................................................................................33 PRIMARY Overview-❂ PrimaryCharts .............................................................................................................43 Lesson:IntroductiontoWilderness .............................................................................47 Aesthetics-È Lesson:WildWise ......................................................................................................51 Perspectives-Î Lesson:OnceWild .....................................................................................................57 Ecology-Á Lesson1:WhatisWild? ..............................................................................................61 Lesson2:Habitadaptations .........................................................................................65 Lesson3:CreativeMovementforWildernessSpecies