CRANIOFACIAL MEASUREMENT REGION HEAD Width of forehead (ft-ft) FACE Width of face (zy-zy) Morphological height of face (n-gn) Physiognomical height of face (n-sto) Height of lower face (sn-gn) Height of mandible (sto-gn) Height of chin (sl-gn) Height of lower profile (prn-gn) Distance between glabella and sub-nasale (g-sn) ORBITS Inter-canthal width (en-en) Binocular width (ex-ex) Length of eye fissure (ex-en) Endocanthion – facial midline (en-se) Pupil facial midline distance (pupil –se) Orbito-glabellar distance (ex-g) Height of eye fissure (ps-pi) Endocanthion-facial midline surface distance (en-se surface) NOSE Width of the nasal root (mf-mf) Width of nose (al-al) Width between facial insertion of alar base (ac-ac) Width of columella (sn’-sn’) Height of nose (n-sn) Length of nasal bridge (n-prn) Nasal tip protrusion (sn-prn) Width of nostril floor (sbal-sn) Thickness of ala (al’-al’) Length of ala (ac-prn) Length of columella (sn-c-) LIPS AND MOUTH Width of philtrum (cph-cph) Width of mouth (ch-ch) Height of upper lip (sn-sto) Height of cutaneous lip (sn-ls) Vermillion height of upper lip (ls-sto) Vermillion height of lower lip (sto-li) Height of cutaneous lower lip (li-sl) Lower lip height (sto-sl) Halves of labial fissure length (ch-sto) Table 1. Craniofacial anatomic regions and anthropometric measurements. Group ICC REGION MEASUREMENT 1 2 3 4 All groups HEAD Width of forehead (ft-ft) 84.4 (11.9) 87.6 (7.2) 89.8 (4.0) 91.3 (2.4) .723 FACE Width of face (zy-zy) 80.9 (8.4) 88.7 (2.7) 88.5 (4.5) 89.7 (10.72) .764 Morphological height of face (n- 66.7 (15.4) 71.5 (8.0) 71.8 (1.9) 70.9 (5.6) .695 gn) Height of lower face (sn-gn) 40.9 (9.7) 45.8 (5.1) 41.8 (6.6) 44.0 (7.1) .735 Height of lower profile (prn-gn) 52.3 (8.9) 57.8 (6.5) 55.1 (3.8) 55.4 (6.6) .764 ORBITS Inter-canthal width (en-en) 24.4 (4.3) 27.9 (4.8) 25.8 (2.2) 25.9 (3.1) .686 Binocular width (ex-ex) 63.5 (6.0) 68.9 (6.2) 66.5 (3.6) 67.1 (6.4) .901 RIGHT Endocanthion – facial 13.7 (3.9) 14.9 (2.5) 14.4 (2.8) 15.7 (2.5) .604 midline (en-se) LEFT Endocanthion – facial 14.8 (3.0) 17.2 (3.5) 16.8 (1.4) 15.8 (2.6) .607 midline (en-se) RIGHT Pupil facial midline 22.6 (2.9) 24.9 (2.5) 23.5 (2.8) 24.6 (2.6) .766 distance (pupil –se) LEFT Pupil facial midline distance 24.8 (3.3) 26.4 (3.6) 26.2 (1.4) 26.4 (3.2) .865 (pupil –se) RIGHT Orbito-glabellar distance 36.4 (5.3) 38.7 (3.8) 37.6 (3.9) 39.5 (2.7) .774 (ex-g) LEFT Orbito-glabellar distance 37.8 (3.8) 39.9 (2.6) 39.7 (2.0) 40.5 (4.2) .874 (ex-g) RIGHT Height of eye fissure (ps- 7.6 (1.8) 7.8 (3.4) 8.9 (1.1) 8.3 (1.0) .851 pi) LEFT Height of eye fissure (ps-pi) 7.8 (1.2) 8.2 (2.5) 8.8 (1.3) 8.2 (1.3) .824 NOSE Width of the nasal root (mf-mf) 15.6 (2.9) 16.2 (2.3) 16.1 (1.6) 16.9 (3.9) .688 Width of nose (al-al) 22.6 (2.0) 23.6 (1.8) 24.3 (2.1) 22.9 (2.1) .785 Width between facial insertion of 18.9 (2.9) 19.6 (3.4) 19.4 (3.7) 19.9 (2.3) .735 alar base (ac-ac) Nasal tip protrusion (sn-prn) 11.5 (1.0) 11.2 (1.0) 12.2 (3.5) 12.1 (0.8) .603 LIPS Width of philtrum (cph-cph) 6.4 (2.0) 6.4 (1.5) 6.9 (1.7) 7.7 (1.7) .777 AND Width of mouth (ch-ch) 29.4 (7.8) 30.1 (3.1) 30.3 (2.4) 33.0 (5.9) .842 MOUTH Table 2. Medians and Interquartile ranges for the anthropometric measurements with acceptable inter- and intra-rater agreement. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. ICC=Intraclass correlation coefficient. CRANIOFACIAL MEASUREMENT Group ICC REGION 1 2 3 4 All groups FACE Physiognomical height of 41.1 (10.4) 39.9 46.1 44.1 (2.9) .432 face (n-sto)* Height of mandible (sto- 22.2 (5.4) 21.5 26.2 27.2 (1.9) .238 gn)* Height of chin (sl-gn) 13.3 (4.2) 11.9 (3.1) 10.3 (5.4) 14.7 (4.7) -.400 Distance between glabella 35.2 (6.1) 32.9 (6.9) 36.8 (4.7) 37.2 (4.4) .327 and sub-nasale (g-sn) ORBITS RIGHT Length of eye 20.5 (3.5) 22.3 (2.7) 20.4 (1.8) 21.9 (1.9) .562 fissure (ex-en) LEFT Length of eye fissure 20.6 (3.0) 22.1 (2.7) 20.4 (1.6) 21.9 (2.3) .492 (ex-en) RIGHT Endocanthion- 14.0 (4.2) 15.3 (2.8) 14.8 (3.0) 16.1 (2.8) .408 facial midline surface distance (en-se surface) LEFT Endocanthion-facial 15.2 (3.1) 17.8 (3.6) 17.4 (1.2) 16.3 (2.7) .581 midline surface distance (en-se surface) NOSE Width of columella (sn’- 4.9 (1.2) 4.9 (1.7) 4.9 (0.8) 4.8 (0.5) .179 sn’) Height of nose (n-sn) 26.4 (5.6) 29.5 (4.6) 30.6 (3.8) 28.6 (3.4) .184 Length of nasal bridge (n- 19.9 (8.0) 21.2 (2.5) 21.6 (2.9) 20.1 (3.4) .323 prn) RIGHT Width of nostril 6.4 (1.2) 6.7 (1.0) 7.2 (1.4) 6.8 (0.9) .458 floor (sbal-sn) LEFT Width of nostril 6.4 (2.2) 7.5 (1.5) 7.2 (1.8) 6.9 (1.6) .249 floor (sbal-sn) RIGHT Thickness of ala 2.9 (1.0) 2.3 (0.8) 2.5 (0.6) 2.5 (0.5) .455 (al’-al’) LEFT Thickness of ala (al’- 2.6 (1.0) 2.9 (1.0) 2.6 (1.0) 2.7 (0.5) .378 al’) RIGHT Length of ala (ac- 16.7 (2.4) 17.8 (1.6) 18.7 (3.2) 17.6 (1.0) .500 prn) LEFT Length of ala (ac- 16.9 (3.6) 17.6 (1.9) 18.4 (1.7) 18.3 (1.1) .419 prn) RIGHT Length of 4.9 (0.9) 6.0 (0.8) 4.9 (0.4) 5.5 (0.9) .440 columella (sn-c-) LEFT Length of columella 4.9 (1.4) 5.6 (0.8) 4.7 (1.5) 4.9 (0.9) .393 (sn-c-) LIPS AND Height of upper lip (sn- 16.1 (4.7) 13.7 14.0 15.3 (2.4) -.046 MOUTH sto)* Height of cutaneous lip (sn- 10.6 (3.6) 11.5 (2.6) 10.9 (1.5) 10.5 (1.3) .393 ls) Vermillion height of upper 7.4 (2.7) 9.8 4.8 6.6 (2.1) .375 lip (ls-sto)* Vermillion height of lower 4.5 (0.9) 5.8 5.5 4.5 (3.8) .479 lip (sto-li)* Height of cutaneous lower 7.5 (1.5) 7.7 (1.5) 7.7 (1.2) 7.2 (2.8) .374 lip (li-sl) Lower lip height (sto-sl)* 11.8 (1.5) 12.6 12.3 11.8 (2.0) .797 RIGHT Halves of labial 17.7 (4.1) 15.3 13.9 19.8 (3.7) .873 fissure length (ch-sto)* LEFT Halves of labial 15.5 (5.7) 13.4 12.1 18.2 (2.0) .862 fissure length (ch-sto)* Table 3. Medians and Interquartile ranges for the anthropometric measurements with low inter- and intra- rater agreement. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. ICC=Intraclass correlation coefficient. *=measurements contain missing data points, thus interquartile range could not be calculated for some groups .