Historical Revie^Kr The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: Thomas Miller was the subject of George Caleb Bingham's only known miniature. Born in Pennsylvania in 1811, Miller settled in Mis­ souri in 1834. Before that he had attended Washing­ ton College in Pennsylvania, Indiana University and Transylvania University Law School in Lexington, Kentucky. In 1833 he taught at Transylvania. Miller's close friend and former classmate, Colum­ bian James S. Rollins, recommended Miller for the first presidency of Columbia College, a forerunner of the University of Missouri. Miller held that position from 1834 to 1836 when he resigned because of poor health. He then formed a law partnership with Rollins and the two men also acquired a newspaper that became known as the Columbia Patriot. In 1841 Miller decided to leave Missouri for the drier climate available in New Mexico. He planned to live in Santa Fe but died enroute on September 15. lingham's 4" x 3" oil-on-canvasboard oval probably was painted in 1837. The oval stayed in the Rollins family until 1961 when Ruth Rollins Westfall pre­ sented it to the State Historical Society. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR Copyright © 1980 by the State Historical Society of Missouri Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is pub­ lished quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, Corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXIV The REVIEW is sent free to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $2.00 a year or $40 for an individual life membership. The NUMBER 4 Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by con­ tributors to the magazine. JULY 1980 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1973. OFFICERS 1977-1980 WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President DR. NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau ELMER ELLIS, Columbia GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1980 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia W. W. DALTON, St. Louis ROBERT A. BOWLING, Montgomery City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall R. I. COLBORN, Paris DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1981 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, St. Louis W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1982 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton ARVARH H. STRICKLAND, Columbia EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-seven Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Com­ mittee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville NEW SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS The State Historical Society of Missouri is always interested in obtaining new members. For more than seventy years thousands of Missourians who have be­ longed to the Society have been responsible primarily for building its great research collections and libraries. They have given it the support which makes it the largest organization of its type in the United States. The quest for interested new members goes on continually, and your help is solicited in obtaining them. In every family, and in every community, there are individuals who are sincerely interested in the collection, preservation and dissemination of the his­ tory of Missouri. Why not nominate these people for membership? Annual dues are only $2.00. Life Memberships $40.00. Richard S. Brownlee Director and Secretary State Historical Society of Missouri Hitt and Lowry Streets Columbia, Missouri 65201 AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE The editorial staff of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW asks that members of the State Historical So­ ciety of Missouri, who are moving or have moved to a new location, please inform the Society of changes of address, as soon as possible. To remail a returned issue of the REVIEW under new postal rates is very expensive. In addition to elim­ inating this costly procedure, the immediate notifica­ tion of a change of address will enable the member to receive the REVIEW7 at an earlier date. Changes of address should be sent to: State Historical Society of Missouri Corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets Columbia, Missouri 65201 SOCIETY TO PRESENT AWARDS At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer three awards. An engraved citation and a me­ dallion will be awarded to a member who has given distinguished service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowl­ edge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar cash award will be given for the REVIEW article during the calendar year which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The two-hundred-fifty-dollar Floyd C. Shoe­ maker History Award will be presented to a junior class student in a Missouri college or university who has written the best historical article that relates to Missouri events or personalities. The distinguished member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society president. One member of the selection committee will serve for two years and two members for one year. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the ex­ ception of past presidents, may be nominated for the Distinguished Service Award. Nominations should be made in writing to Richard S. Brownlee, director of the Society, any time during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will be selected by three his­ torians appointed by the editor of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. Articles submitted for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award will be judged by the De­ partment of History of the University of Missouri- Columbia. CONTENTS THE CARONDELET SEMINARY. By John E. Rybolt, CM 391 THE PRISON AGAINST THE TOWN: JEFFERSON CITY AND THE PENITENTIARY IN THE 19TH CENTURY. By Gary R. Kremer and Thomas E. Gage 414 THE MULE IN MISSOURI AGRICULTURE, 1821-1950. By G. K. Renner 433 PARTNERSHIP PRACTICE AND THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF ARCHITECTURE IN KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. By George Ehrlich 458 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS News in Brief 481 Local Historical Societies 484 Gifts 498 Missouri History in Newspapers 503 Missouri History in Magazines 506 Erratum 511 In Memoriam 512 Editorial Policy 513 BOOK REVIEWS 514 BOOK NOTES 518 INDEX TO VOLUME LXXIV 521 ROCHEPORT CHRISTIAN CHURCH Inside Back Cover Carondelet as Depicted by Henry Lewis in 1840 The Carondelet Seminary BY JOHN E. RYBOLT, CM.* The St. Louis Theological Seminary in Carondelet has prac­ tically disappeared from history. No traces of its existence re­ main in Carondelet itself, nor (with minor exceptions) in written sources.1 In fact, the records of the seminary seem to be lost. •John E. Rybolt, CM., is vice president and professor of Old Testament, at Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis. He received the Ph.D. degree from St. Louis University and holds graduate degrees in Latin, Near Eastern Languages, Theology and Scripture. Professor Rybolt also serves as assistant provincial of the Vincentian community, Midwest Province, St. Louis, Missouri. i These sources include: William Stephen Morris, The Seminary Move­ ment in the United States: Projects, Foundations and Early Development, 1835-1866 (Washington, D.C, 1982) ; Kenrick Seminary Calendar, 1896-1897 (St. Louis, 1896). More sketchy historical information can be found in John Rothensteiner, History of the Archdiocese of St. Louis (St. Louis, 1938) ; Wil­ liam Barnaby Faherty, S.J., Dream by the River: Two Centuries of Saint Louis Catholicism (St. Louis, 1973) ; John David Burke, "The Seminary of Saint Louis, 1818-1918: Foundation for ordination" (unpublished Master's thesis, St. Louis University, 1966) ; and the author's, "Kenrick's First Seminary," MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, LXXI (January, 1977) , 139-155. S. J. Miller, fol­ lowing Rothensteiner, has overlooked the seminary completely in "Peter Richard Kenrick, Bishop and Archbishop of St. Louis, 1806-1896," Records of the 391 392 Missouri Historical Review Some information recalls the school's opening, seminary life and the institution's eventual failure.