Conference on Constitution Development Kibuye, Rwanda August 19 - 24, 2001 CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT August 19, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 PART I: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 OPENING CEREMONIES — Sunday, August 19, 2001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 DAY ONE MONDAY, AUGUST 20, 2001 First Plenary Session — "The Consultation Process" Moderated by Kabreab Habte Michael (Eritrea) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Presentation by Specialist Louis Aucoin (USA) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Question and Answer Session - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 7 Second Plenary Session — "The African Experience, A Global View: Constitutionalism in Transition" Moderated by Adrien Wing (USA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 Presentation by Theodore Holo (Benin) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Presentation by Abdoulaye Seou Sow (Mali) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Third Plenary Session — "The African Experience: A Global View" Moderated by Harold A. Dampier, Jr. (USA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 Presentation by Gerard Niyungeko (Burundi)------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Presentation by Karthy Govender (South Africa) -------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 Fourth Plenary Session — "The Difficulty of Achieving Democracy in Africa." Moderated by Laurent Kagimbi (Burundi) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Presentation by George Mugwanya (Uganda) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Presentation by Karthy Govender (South Africa) ------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Presentation by Patrick Matimbi (Zambia) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Presentation by Fatoumata Sire Diakite (Mali) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Presentation by Theodore Holo (Benin) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 Fifth Plenary Session — "The Consultation Process — Part II." Moderated by Henry Richardson (USA) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Presentation by Kebreab Habte Michael (Eritrea) ------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 DAY TWO: TUESDAY, AUGUST 21, 2001 First Plenary Session -- "The Rwandan Context: Political Power and the Ethnic Question since Independence." Moderated by Alfred Mukezamfura (Rwanda) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 Presentation by Faustin Rutembesa (Rwanda) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 Second Plenary Session -- "The Evolution of Powers in Rwanda: Distortions between Constitutional Provisions and Institutional Practice." Moderated by Alfred Mukezamfura (Rwanda) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 Presentation by Faustin Rutembesa (Rwanda) -------------------------------------------------------------- 37 Question and Answer Session -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 2 CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT August 19, 2001 Third Plenary Session -- "Constitutional Practice in Rwanda: "What Can Rwanda Learn from the Big Picture?" Moderated by Alfred Mukezamfura (Rwanda) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Presentation by Jean Mutsinzi (Rwanda) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Fourth Plenary Session -- "The New Rwandan Constitution: Its Contents." Moderated by Fatoumata Sire Diakite (Mali) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Presentation by Specialist Henry Richardson (USA) ------------------------------------------------------- 45 Presentation by Abdoulaye Sekou Sow (Mali) -------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Presentation by Kebreab Habte Michael (Eritrea) ---------------------------------------------------------- 46 Presentation by Patrick Matibini (Zambia) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Presentation by Otivere Igbuzor (Nigeria) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 Question and Answer Session --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 Fifth Plenary Session -- "Forms of Government: Powers of Government, Limits on Government." Moderated by Adrien Wing (USA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 Presentation by Specialist Louis Aucoin (USA) ----------------------------------------------------------- 51 Question and Answer Session --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Sixth Plenary Session -- "Elections and Political Parties" Moderated by Patrick Matibini (Zambia) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 Presentation by Harold D. Dampier, Jr. (USA) --------------------------------------------------------------- 56 Question and Answer Session ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 DAY THREE: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22, 2001 First Plenary Session — "The Rwandan Constitution: Its Contents (II). Free Speech, Press, and Information." Moderated by Zam Zam Nagujja Kasujja (Uganda) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 61 Presentation by Specialist Louis Aucoin (USA) ------------------------------------------------------ 61 Presentation by Karthy Govender (South Africa)------------------------------------------------------------- 62 Presentation by Emanuel Rushingabigwi (Rwanda) ---------------------------------------------------------- 63 Presentation by Theodore Holo (Benin) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64 Presentation by Abdoulaye Sekou Sow (Mali) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 64 Presentation by Joy Ezeilo (Nigeria) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 65 Second Plenary Session -- "Imposition of the State of Emergency: Constitutional Safeguards and the Suspension of Rights." Moderated by Gerard Niyungeko (Burundi) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68 Presentation by Specialist Robin Palmer (South Africa) -------------------------------------------- 68 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 Third Plenary Session -- "Property Rights." Moderated by Theodore Holo (Benin) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 Question and Answer Session ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 Fourth Plenary Session -- "The Rights of Minorities, the Disadvantaged, Women, and Children." Moderated by Karthy Govender (South Africa) --------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 Presentation by Specialist Adrien Wing (USA) ------------------------------------------------------- 77 Presentation by Claudine Gasarabwe (Rwanda) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 79 Presentation by Fatoumata Sire Diakite (Mali) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 79 Presentation by Joy Ezeilo (Nigeria)----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 Presentation by Theodore Holo (Benin) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 Question and Answer Session --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 3 CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT August 19, 2001 Fifth Plenary Session -- "Right to a Fair Trial." Moderated by Joy Ezeilo (Nigeria) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84 Presentation by Specialist Robin Palmer (South Africa) ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Presentation by Kebreab Habte Michael (Eritrea) ------------------------------------------------------------- 86 Question and Answer Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------