International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES) Vol. 2 (2): 27-32 (2012) STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SCME BEAN POPULATIONS IN ALB.{\.NIA l l Fetah Elezi *, Doriana Bode , Belul Gixbari', Agim Canko ' "Genetic Resources Centre, Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, ALBANIA 2 Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, ALBANIA E-mail: elezi fetah(ii\yahoo.coIl1 Received March, 2012; Accepted May, 2012 / / I / ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), represents a high genetic diversity with importance for agricultural Albanian production. In the Gene Bank of the Agricultural University of Tirana (AUT), a rich collection of bean germplasm is preserved. Exploration, collection and conservation, of genetic l.~sources are some of the main purposes of plant genetic resources evaluation programs. For this reason, during 2008-2009 collection missions were undertaken on mountainous sites of the country. Collected common bean samples were -cultivated and in the same time evaluated and characterized. Field tests took place during 20 I0, at the Experimental Station of AUT. The morphological characterization was done according to the IPGRI- "Descriptors List for Bean" for characteristic as: plant data (growth type, colour of flower, days to flower, and duration of plant period); leaf data (shape, persistence, eradiation); pod data (pods per plant, position, colour, pod length, width, cross-section). Seed characteristic evaluated were: main colour, width, height, colour of helium, etc. Results taken were analyzed for possible relation between characters in bean populations. Hierarchical Cluster Statistical Method was used to observe relation and distance among bean populations in this study. We observed differences between populations and sometimes within the same population of common bean, collected in different places. Pronounced differences were present between bean populations for flowering and days till flowering, which is represented with amplitude 17 - 43 days. Differences were observed for pod number and number of seeds per pod. The results of this study will serve as additional information for Gene Bank and for future plact improvement programs. Key words: characterization, collection, IPGRI descriptor, genetic resources. INTRODUCTION Common bean takes an important role in the agricultural system of Albania, considering that the cultivation area of this legume has not diminished meanwhile the production has increased (Canko et. aI., 2004). Albania has a rich genetic fond of common bean. Among the grain legumes, common bean is by far the most important and widely distributed and has the broadest range of genetic resources (Singh 1999). The genetic diversity of landraces is thought to be the economic valuable part of global biodiversity and is considered of paramount importance for future world production (Matos et aI., 1998, Piergiovanni et al., 2000, Wood et aI., 1997). In Albania, common bean landraces s,tlllrepresent important genetic resources used directly by farmers. Actually, over 90% of bean cultivation area is cultivJted with native bean landraces (Canko et aI., 2008). Common bean landraces have particular properties (early or late maturing), a reputation for adaptation to local climatic conditions and cultural practices, and resistance or tolerance to diseases and pests (Harlan, 1992). As a result of that, landraces are thought to show high yield stability and intermediate yield level under a low input agricultural system (Gomez, 2004). Recently in order to increase the genetic diversity available to breeding programs, many authors started to study bean landraces (Nowosielski et aI., 2002; Stoilova et aI., '2000). The, main purpose of this work was to study the morphological variability of 26 bean populations in order to generate additional information with the aim of better utilization of them. 27 ,I : l Fetah Elezi", Doriana Bode , Belul Gixhari", Agim Canko/ MATERIALS AND METHOD The investigation was performed on 26 accession of common bean (Ph. vulgaris) collected during 2008-2009 with the support of SEED Net Project. The origin of collection is mainly Berat and Skrapar districts. Field tests took place during 20 I 0, at the Experimental Didactics Economy of Agricultural University of Tirana. Sowing was done according to the canons used for bean characterization. Bio morphological characterization of bean plants, pods and seeds was done according to "Descriptors List for Bean" IPGRJ (1982). In our study, we evaluated in total 26 morphological and biometric parameters, as for plant data: leaf ootour, leaf-length, leaf colour of anthocyan, days to flowering (number of days from 50% of the plants flowering to the stage when 50 % of the plants have stopped flowering), pod position, pods per plant (average number of pods per plant out of 10 plants at crop density), pod width (average width measured in mm of the largest fullyexpanded immature pods from 10 random normal plants), leaf persistence (when 90% of pos are dry) etc., meanwhile we measured seed data as: seed length (average in mm of 10 seeds from 10 plants, measured parallel to the hilium), seed width (average in mm of 10 seeds from 10 plants), seed colour, seed shape longitudinal (at median longitudinal section).The data was analyzed using SAS program and statistical method of Cluster Hierarchical. Data evaluated were distributed for plant, pod and seed. Based in these distributions, differences and relations among genotypes were analyzed and dendrograms were constructed. / . I I Ta bl e I . LIst 0f 26 bean accessions in our stu dtv. Genotype District Genotype District GOI Liqeth - Skrapar G 17 Potom - Skrapar G02 Liqeth - Skrapar G 18 Potom - Skrapar G 03 Liqeth - Skrapar G 19 Strore - Skrapar G04 Liqeth - Skrapar G20 Nishove - Skrapar G 05 Liqeth - Skrapar G 21 Kovacanj - Skrapar G06 Liqeth - Skrapar I G22 Trebel - Skrapar G07 Liqeth - Skrapar G 23 Gjerbes - Skrapar - G 08 Liqeth - Skrapar G24 Gjerbes - Skrapar G09 Liqeth - Skrapar G 25 Gjerbes - Skrapar G 10 Liqeth - Skrapar G26 Gjerbes - Skrapar G13 Lapardha - Berat G27 Gjerbes - Skrapar G 14 Lapardha - Berat G 29 Luadh - Skrapar G 16 Strore - Skrapar G 30 Gjergjove - Skrapar Table 2 Desc riptors for plant. - Geno leaf leaf leaf leaf growth days to duration of days to leaf fall type colour antho shape lengt type 'flowerin flowering in maturity persiste cyan h g days nee (em) G 01 5 I I 7 3 29 26 75 5 5 I ,- G02 5 0 I 8,5 3 I 33 \ 24 78 7 5 G 03 5 0 I 8 3 30 - '. 25 75 7 5 G04 ,5 0 I 7 3 23 27 74 5 5 .- G 05 / 5 0 I 7,2 3 32 25 i 79 5 5 G06 I /5 0 I 7.2 3 23 32 75 7 5 - G07 5 0 I 8.1 I 28 22 70 5 3 G 08 5 0 I 7.4 I 33 24 78 5 3 28 International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES) Vol. 2 (2): 27-32 (2012) - G09 5 0 I 6.2 I 29 27 74 5 3 G 10 5 0 I 8 3 25 43 83 5 5 G 13 5 0 I 7 1.3 '31 23 76 5 5 G 14 5 0 I 5.2 3 34 27 72 5 5 G 16 5 0 I 7.5 3 32 29 79 7 5 G 17 5 0 I 7 3 30 26 77 7 5 G 18 5 0 I 5.5 3 36 30 81 7 5 G 19 5 0 I 9 1.3 29 22 74 5 5 G20 5 0 I 6.5 I 28 17 71 5 3 -- G 21 5 0 I 9.5 3 25 30 74 5 3 G22 5 0 I 6 3 24 32 76 5 5 G23 7 0 I 6.2 3 36 27 82 5 5 G24 5 0 I 7.5 2 27 24 70 3 5 G25 5 0 I 7 3 33 22 74 7 5 G26 5 0 I 5.5 3 33 27 76 7 5 G 27 5 1 I 7.6 3 33 29 76 7 5 G29 /5/ 0 I 7 3 27 29 72 5 5 G 30 5 0 I 10.3 I 27 21 74 5 3 - Table 3. Dat a fior pods Gena pod pod pod pod no.pod pod pod pod pod pod pod type eolou lengt width eross- /plant eurva strue wall beak beak beak r h(em (mm) sectio ture ture fibre length posit orien ) n t (mm) t G 01 7 10.5 12 2 3.2 5 0 3.5 9 2 7 I G02 7 10 12 I 2 5.9 7 0 3 IO 2 5 .. G 03 7 11.5 12 2 10.7 5 5 5 10 I 7 - G04 3 13 15 2 8 5 G 5 10 2 7 I G 05 7 9 12 2 4.2 5 I 5 5 13 I 7 - G06 4 10.5 12 3 5.1 5 5 5 10 I 5 G07 7 9 13 3 7.8 5 5 5 15 I 5 , G 08 7 11.5 13 3 6.7 3 3 5 8 I 5 G09 7 10.2 10 3 6.4 3 5 5 14 I 7 ! G 10 7 8.5 18 2 6 ! 5 3 5 6 I 5 i G13 7 9 10 3 16.2 I 3 5 5 6 I 5 G 14 7 9 10 2 7 .. 5 3 5 16 I 7 r G 16 7 8.5 10 2 3.5 .i 7 0 5 7 I 7 G 17 7 8 10 2 2.3 5 0 3 5 2 5 G 18/ /7 II 13 2 5.3 7 :5 5 8 I 7 I -- _ .. G 19 7 II 14 3 6.7 5 '5 5 8 I 3 - 29 l Fetah Elezi", Doriana Bode , Belul Gixhari', Agim Canko'' G20 7 10.5 13 3 6.6 3 5 5 10 1 7 G21 7 10 14 3 3.8 5 5 5 13 2 5 G 22 7 12.5 13 2.3 3.4 5 0 3 10 I 3 G 23 7 9 10 3 7.3 5 5 5 9 I 5 - G24 7 II 13 2 6.3 5 3 5 12 I 5 G 25 11 8.5 13 2 I 5 0 5 7 2 5 I G26 7 II 12 2 1.5 7 5 5 10 I 5 G 27 7 9.5 10 2 0 5 3 5 10 I 7 G29 7 10.5 10 2 3.7 5 0 5 15 I 7 G 30 7 10.5 12 3 4.5 5 5 5 10 1 5 Table 4 Data of seeds Genotype seed length(mm) seed widihtmm) Coat pattern seed colour seed sh.