New insights on the Aterian Hominid / Carnivore Interactions in the Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast of Temara (Morocco) Emilie Campmas, Patrick Michel, Fethi Amani, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Zenobia Jacobs, Nouha Janati-Idrissi, Larbi Boudad, Arnaud Lenoble, Roland Nespoulet, Mohammed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui To cite this version: Emilie Campmas, Patrick Michel, Fethi Amani, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Zenobia Jacobs, et al.. New insights on the Aterian Hominid / Carnivore Interactions in the Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast of Temara (Morocco). RQM 6 – 6ème rencontre des quaternaristes marocains, Nov 2011, Tanger, Morocco. halshs-03149584 HAL Id: halshs-03149584 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03149584 Submitted on 23 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. New insights on the Aterian Hominid / Carnivore Interactions in the Pleistocene of the Atlantic coast of Temara (Morocco) E. Campmas*, P. Michel, F. Amani, E. Stoetzel, Z. Jacobs, N. Janati-Idrissi, L. Boudad, A. Lenoble, R. Nespoulet, M.A. El Hajraoui * CAMPMAS Emilie: PACEA, PPP, UMR 5199, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405, Talence, [email protected] 1.fr /[email protected] EL HARHOURA 2 EL MNARSA SPAIN (entrance cave) Mediteranean 34567 8 9 1011121314 Tanger Sea 0 5 Km + 15 + 14 + 13 + 12 + 11+ 10+ 9+ 8 + 0 Rabat Fés - 100 cm - 100 cm N Méknes Dar es Soltane 1 Casablanca Dar es Soltane 2 Atlantic ocean MOROCCO -1 1 Ouarzazate - 200 cm - 200 cm 2 2 Agadir El Harhoura 2 1 ? ? 1 3 El Harhoura 1 -2 MAUVAISE 4 ALGERIA - 300 cm - 300 cmLSA/UPVISIBILITE ? El Ayoun El Mnasra Falaise Contrebandiers actuel 2 (Iberomaurusian) 5 >3000 m Affouillement Chaperon-Rouge -3 N 2000 m 6 1000 m 7 3 O E 6b 7 500 m 5 200 m - 400 cm - 400 cm 8a 4 S 0 m 6 MAUVAISE MAURITANIA 3 0 1000 km 7 8b-d VISIBILITE -4 8 9a 9b 9 4a 9c - 500 cm - 500 cmMSA/MP 10 + 11 Site location 4b 9d 12 Lithics industry: (Aterian)-5 10a 5 13 10b-c - 600 cm increase of density - 600 cm rocher 11 EL MNASRA (Levels 5, 6 and 7) SAISONALITY: 6 Presence of neonatals -6 Studied levels LITHIC < FAUNA 7 and juvenils: Occupa- 8 tions during spring - 700 cm 9 - 700 cm 10 Pedonculate scraper 11 - Cores (Levallois ...) Numerous Nassarius sp. + 15 + 14 + 13 + 12 + 11+ 10+ 9+ 8 + - Tools (scrapers, Levallois points ...) FIREIRE PLACEPLLACE EL HARHOURA 2 (Level 8) - Pedonculates - Gazelle, large Ungulates (for Small excavation area - Peeble tools example Bovinae) + Turtles... EL HARHOURA 2 (Levels 2 , 3 and 4A) ! Numerous fire place - Butchery = small sample - Consumption LITHIC<< FAUNA LITHIC << FAUNA - bone tools (on ribs of Bovinae + shaft fragments). High amount of marine Nucléus Levallois c. 3 Use of pigment Racloir convergent couche 8 mollusks(Patella, Small amount of lithic industry: Mytilus ...) LEVELS 3 and 4A: LEVEL 8: LEVEL 8: LEVEL8: Interventions: LEVEL 2: Gazelles dominatesdi (all ( of No evidence of - Few data Presence of Nassarius sp. - Few data (Cut-marks,( bruned bones, - Bladelet cores the anatomical parts are Nassarius sp. - higher rate of transformed - Higher proportions of bone tool industry ...) - Bladelets presents; mortality curve: tools Interventions: Few interventions: Few interventions: large Bovinae LEVEL 3: “U”) + Suidae + Alcélaphi- - No evidence of pedonculates (slightly higher rate of cut- (Digested bones, tooth (few cut-marks, few - Small proportions with cortex nae + Bovinae + Equi- marks and bunrned bones, marks ...) - Small size of Levallois cores brunted bones, presence dae + Rhinocérotidae ... presence of “retouchoir” ...) 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm (mobility choise ?) of “retouchoir”) Carnivores: Small Canidae Interventions: - Exhaustion of the knapping sur- + large Canidae + few other (Digested bones, face taxa. LEVEL 8: 1 cm tooth-marks ...) 1 cm - Few tools 2 cm Higher proportion of Bone tool industry of El Mnasra 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm marine mollusks (Patella, Cut-marks on Gazelle bones - No evidence of pedonculates 2 cm (scales: 2 cm) LEVEL 4A: same as level 3 2 cm Mytilus ...) Digested bones of Gazelle “Retouchoir” from level 8 Cut-marks on Gazelle bones 2 cm 2 cm Interventions of Tooth-marks on Gazelle bones burrowings: Hypotheses:H potheses FIREIRE PLACEPLACL (Remains of - Admixture of Human and Coprolithe Mellivora 2 cm Interventions: Carnivore occupations capenisis, (digested bones, tooth-marks, co- - Intervention of Carnivore LEVEL4A: presence of many burrows...) 2 cm prolithesrolithes ...);...); Hyene: (few remains,remains, a fire place Moree intensive Occupation Occu ? on bone discarded by Men few evidenceevidenv ce of juvenilsjuvenils ...) = disturbance “Retouchoir” from level 4A More activities ? - Taphonomic disturbances Settlementttlement site site brought the mixing of bone Exploitation of coastal ressources accumulations Intense occupation, Selection of lager taxa (like Bovinae)? Admixture of Human and Various activities Carnivore occupations ? Intervention of Carnivore on bone discarded by Men ? Very short stops Occupations,Occupations not nursery (maybe located at the bottom of the cave?) 3 18 atm δ O (°/ ) 12 - 0,5 Marin level (m) 0,0 1,0 0,5 °° 15 -120 -80 -40 0 Palaeoenvironement, Ungulates Accumulators of the OSL data and other elements 3 0 ESR data 9 microfauna (and other...) bone assemblages 14 EM EH2 CB EM EH2 DS1 DS2 EH2 EH2 EM EH2 3 EM 3 CB 6 EH110 7 8 13 8 2 13 2 13 Hypotheses for 20 OIS 2 Ib? IbIb Region of Temara ? Human occupations 40 OIS 3 O3 ? O3 Periods of stops 60 O2 O3 ? OIS 4 Ib? ? 80 O2 ? 5a O3 O2 5b O1 100 Periods of long term occupations 5c OIS 5 O3 O O2O 11 O1 Ages ka B.P. ka Ages 1 5d 5 O1 O2 O1O 120 O2 O1 O1 ? ? 5e Fossil beach deposits ? Shematic localisation of Formation of the cavities ? 11 4 occupations and stops 140 OIS 6 ! These localisation have no 18 chronological value atm δ O - 0,5 (°/0,0 ) 1,0 Sites: 0,5 Nassarius sp. °° Bone industry O MSA occupations Bovinae CB Contrebandiers DS1 Dar es Soltane 1 Aterian skull of Contrebandiers Microfauna with arid affinity “Large Ungulates” Gazelle Pedonculate elements Long term occupations EM El Mnasra Dar es Soltane 2 Steriles levels “Retouchoirs” DS2 Turtle PigmentsP EH2 El Harhoura 2 EH1 El Harhoura 1 Aterian skull of Dar es Soltane 2 Alcélaphinae Ib Iberomaurusian (LSA/UP) Microfauna with humid affinity “Small Ungulates” More marin mollusk Short stop FireF places Hypotetical scheme of the occupations of Témara Region (D’aprés 1: Balter, 2011; 2: Barton et al., 2009; 3: Campmas, PhD in progress; 4: Debénath, 1982; 5: d’Errico et al., 2009; 6: Halett, submit; 7: Jacobs et al., in press, 8: Jacobs et al., submit; 9: Janati-Idrissi et al., submit; 10: Monchot et Aouraghe, 2009; 11: Nespoulet et al., 2008a, 2008b; 12: Petit et al., 1999; 13: Scheweninger et al., 2010; 14: Stoetzel, 2009; Stoetzel et al., 2010; 15: Waelbroeck et al., 2002).