Political Analysis of the Ryukyu Independence Movement

Political Analysis of the Ryukyu Independence Movement

ௐ 1 ഇ! ࢱ 235-69! 2021 ѐ/ߋ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 17 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 235-69 Spring 2021 琉球獨立運動的政治研析 धځՂ ܜ৪३ົםέ៉ল஧ ၡ ࢋ ፾ϲ۞гડྵࠎ̙Т۞ߏল஧ཏफдפۋল஧፾ϲྻજᄃ׎΁ ࡚ఈඈ઼ᘪࢎ୧ࡗĂቁڱ።Ϋ˯അགྷߏ፾ϲ઼छĄল஧ͳ઼౅࿅ᄃࡻ гҜĄ൒҃Ă͟ώд 1871 ѐБࢬ၁߉ᆿڱᄮ׎፾ϲ͹ᝋ઼छ۞઼ᅫ Ă1879 ѐ͟ώᆿੵল஧ᘸĂనཉ՞ᘰ઼ט΄ᘸཉᎩĂল஧ͳ઼జ༊ү ᎩĂল஧ཏफజৼࠎ͟ώ઼۞ᅳ˿Ăল஧ͳ઼ϒё˸઼Ą׎ѨĂল஧ ፾ϲྻજ۞Ω˘࣎পҒߏঘ࡚̈́̚͟ඈˬ઼̂Ăѣॡߏଂ͟ώ፾ϲă ѣॡߏଂ઼࡚፾ϲĂ҃അ૟ল஧઼ෛࠎᛳ઼۞઼̚݋ѣॡᄮࠎল஧ߏ ˘ҋ઼۞˘ొ̶Ă҃ѣॡݒ˫͚޺ল஧፾ϲĄЯѩĂল஧፾ϲྻજߏ ࣎к̮ኑᗔ۞፾ϲྻજĄώ͛ўдଣ੅ 1879 ѐͽֽল஧ˠ˘ۡхд Հ൴णࠎຐᖣ઼࡚˧ณ፾ϲ۞՞ޢೇ઼ྻજĂ׎۞ڼԓ୕௲ᗓ͟ώ௚ ΍னາԛၗ۞፾ϲ˫ޢڼᘰ፾ϲྻજĂ҃д˘˝˛Œѐ΃аᕩ͟ώ௚ ϫ݈ল஧፾ϲྻજٙࢬᓜ̝̰ొᄃγొયژજજШĂ֭ซ˘Վ̶ྻ ᗟĄ ژࡁڼᙯᔣෟĈল஧ă՞ᘰăೇ઼ྻજă՞ᘰ፾ϲྻજă߆ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2021/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 17 236 壹、前言 ˯፾ϲ۞гડྵࠎ̙Т۞ߏল஧ཏफд።Ϋפۋল஧፾ϲྻજᄃ׎΁ ѐ 7 ͡ 11 ͟ᄃ઼࡚дࢵ֧ݱᘪ 1854 ٺഅགྷߏ፾ϲ઼छ1Ąল஧ͳ઼ࠤҌഅ ࣒р୧ࡗ3Ļăڱᘪཌĺল઼ڱࢎĺ࡚ল࣒р୧ࡗ2Ļă1855 ѐ 10 ͡ 15 ͟ᄃ 4 ѐ 6 ͡ 7 ͟ᄃఈᜋᘪཌĺলᜋ࣒р୧ࡗĻ ֽ࠻Ă઼ᅫۤົ౅࿅఺ֱ 1859 гҜĂٚᄮ༊ॡ۞ল஧ͳ઼ߏ፾ڱቁᄮল஧ͳ઼۞઼ᅫٺ୧ࡗ۞ᘪࢎĂඈ ϲ͹ᝋ઼छĄ5 Ăበ઼ט΄൒҃Ă͟ώд 1871 ѐБࢬ၁߉ᆿᘸཉᎩĂল஧ͳ઼జ༊ү Ҷᆿੵল஧ͳ઼ăనཉল஧ᘸĂӎކˢ˝э۞౩׊फᎩĂ1872 ѐՀซ˘Վ ͹઼гҜĄ1875 ѐĂՀૻ࢝ল஧઼ͳઃͤШ؟ᄮ઼̚ҋ 1372 ѐ੓၆ল஧۞ 5 ٺ୻઼ഈ੒Ăᕝ඗ᄃ୻઼۞γϹᙯܼĄ1879 ѐ 3 ͟͡ώᆿੵল஧ᘸĂ֭ ࢦࢋјࣶజૻ࢝ᗓฟވᒑĂ׎΁ͳܭࠎދ঍ͳజإĂޢనཉ՞縄ᎩĂ׎͡ ࠻გĂҌѩĂল஧ཏफజৼࠎ͟ώ઼۞ᅳ˿Ăল஧ͳ઼ܕಶִڌזᜦວ֤ ୻ॡഇഅځ͛фĂҭল஧ˠώ֗ѣҋ̎۞ᄬ֏Ąᔵ൒͞ءᔵ൒༊ॡল஧ͳ઼ߏͽ႔ᄬࠎ 1 Ш઼̚ഈ੒֭ҋᄮүᘸ઼ĂТॡϺШ͟ώ˝эݑొ۞ᖠᇝᘸĞ̫౩׊फᎩğഈ੒Ăল஧ ᄬăݑफᄬրͽ઼̈́̚ݑ͞͞֏ᇆᜩĞҘ֧ಈҖĂ2010Ĉ7ğĄ͟זצᄬώ֗Тॡ ΃ܑᘪࢎ۞୧ࡗĂϒёЩჍࠎĺֲع׶࡚ӀિЪி઼߆عĺলѼ࣒р୧ࡗĻߏল஧ͳ઼߆ 2 ᜦപ˾۞୧֤ٸᛉؠ३ĻĂߏͽ႔͛ăࡻ͛׌჌͛фᘪࢎฟعѼӀΐЪி઼ল஧ͳ઼߆ Ԉጙă੺։̖Ă઼࡚͞ࢬإໂ̂኏ᑝĄল஧͞ࢬ΃ܑࠎזצٽࡗĂѩᕇֹ଀ল஧ঔ˯෶ ΃ܑࠎૈ֧ĞMatthew Calbraith PerryğĞHawks, 1856ğĄ۞ ࢕ᚻҌ֤ᜦപĂࢋՐᄃল઼ڱNicolas François Guerlain தˬ੸ ઼ڱѐ 11 ͡ 6 ͟Ă 1855 3 ١͞ڱᛉĄТѐ 11 ͡ 16 ͟Ăল͞ࢋՐ࣒ϒ୧ࡗ९Ăజם஧઼ᘪࢎ୧ࡗĂ௩͟ᗕ͞྿ј ਎ল͞΃ރ˧ڠ඗Ą11 ͡ 22 ͟Ăল஧ГѨࢋՐ࣒ϒ୧ࡗ९ĂGuerlain ͽࡗ 40 ˠ̀һϡ ഀܲϒёᘪࢎѩ˘̙πඈ୧إĂGuerlain ᄃޢࣧ९Ą׌͇ͽצഀܲĂૻ࢝΁Тຍତإܑ ࣒р୧ࡗğĄڱࡗĂ֭ТॡԆјೱ͛ĞჯૄѺࡊĂ2018Ĉল ѐ 7 ͡ 6 ͟ᘪࢎ۞̙πඈ୧ࡗĂ͹ࢋ̰ 1859 ٺĺলᜋ࣒р୧ࡗĻߏল஧઼ᄃఈᜋͳ઼ 4 Щཌྷឰল஧઼ಉεᙯඁҋ͹ᝋăֻගఈᜋ௺੸ᓟͪඈ࠹ᙯ෱ϡăࢋՐলٽटߏͽҋϤ෶ ஧઼ାӄ႓߹ϔăٚᄮఈᜋጾѣᅳְ෗ҿᝋăనཉఈᜋˠᆨг᜕֭ܲল஧઼͔ͪˠඈ࠹ ᙯఢؠĞჯૄѺࡊĂ2018Ĉলᜋ࣒р୧ࡗğĄ ᘪࢎĺৠ؉̌୧ࡗĻĂૈ֧дᘪࡗ࿅඀عдѩ݈۞ 1854 ѐ 7 ͡ 1 ͟Ăૈ֧ᄃ͟ώѯ͗၌ 5 ল஧۞֤ᜦപ˾Ăҭ͟͞ࠎܲБ׎͹ᝋӀৈĂ҃၆ૈܑ֧ϯল஧ߏ࣎ᅌٸࢋՐ͟ώฟ̚ аল஧ᄃ׎ϹঘĂଂܔ͟ 7 ͡ 7 ٺߏĂૈ֧ٺᝋĄٸᅈ۞઼छĂ͟ώ൑ᝋՙؠ׎പ˾ฟ ࢎؠĺ࡚ল࣒р୧ࡗĻĞCullen, 2003ğĄ҃ 237 ژࡁڼল஧፾ϲྻજ۞߆ ፾ϲ۞гડߏଂߊх઼छ̶ᗓ፾ϲĂٕߏ።Ϋפۋϒё˸઼ĄЯѩĂధк тѩĂЯѩѣჍܧ֭ڶ଀۞ᅳ˿Ăҭল஧ͳ઼۞ଐפк઼ͅᖬ҃ۋѣ৾˯ ׎ࠎೇ઼ྻજĄ ׎ѨĂল஧፾ϲྻજ۞Ω˘࣎পҒߏঘ࡚̈́̚͟ඈˬ઼̂Ăѣॡߏଂ ώ፾ϲăѣॡߏଂ઼࡚፾ϲĂ҃അ૟ল஧઼ෛࠎᛳ઼۞઼̚݋ѣॡᄮࠎ͟ ল஧ߏҋ઼۞˘ొ̶Ă҃ѣॡݒ˫͚޺ল஧፾ϲĄЯѩĂল஧፾ϲྻજߏ ࣎к̮ኑᗔ۞፾ϲྻજĄ˘ ഇ޺ᜈ͹જٕజજγொݑ͉π߶ٕ̚ݑ࡚ܜጼ݈ল஧ˠٺௐˬĂϤ ҝল஧۞ল஧ˠˠاณ୭चĂጱ࡭̂ז߷Ă˟ጼϐഇল஧ˠజ࢝ழ೸ٕዎ ˵ল஧ĂԼតল஧ҝϔ۞ඕၹĂ఺اѣ̂ณ͟ώˠዏ˫ޢࣟ࿬Ă҃аᕩ˾ ׎΁፾ϲྻજ۞পঅԛၗĄٺ଀ল஧፾ϲྻજ΍ன̙Тֹ ೇ઼ྻ۞ڼώ͛ўдଣ੅ 1879 ѐͽֽল஧ˠ˘ۡхдԓ୕௲ᗓ͟ώ௚ Հ൴णࠎຐᖣ઼࡚˧ณ፾ϲ۞՞ᘰ፾ϲྻજĂ҃д˘˝˛Œѐ΃ޢજĂ׎ ϫ݈ল஧፾ژ΍னາԛၗ۞፾ϲྻજજШĂ֭ซ˘Վ̶˫ޢڼаᕩ͟ώ௚ ϲྻજٙࢬᓜ̝̰ొᄃγొયᗟĄ 貳、復國運動時期 ႙ૻ˧઼ޢჯາڼځল஧Ă҃טҋ 1609 ѐ੓Ă͟ώ۞ᖠᇝᘸӈ၁ᅫଠ ͹઼гҜĄ1871 ѐĂ͟ώБࢬ၁߉ᆿ؟ώĂՀຐซ˘Վቁϲ၆ল஧۞͟۞ Ăበˢ˝э۞౩׊फᎩĄ௩Ğ1872ğѐĂ઼ט΄ᘸཉᎩ6Ăল஧ͳ઼జ༊ү ঍ࠎᘸͳĂӎᄮ઼̚إল஧઼ͳދҶᆿੵল஧ͳ઼Ăనཉল஧ᘸĂކώ͟ ͹઼гҜĄ؟ҋ 1372 ѐ੓၆ল஧۞ ൴Ϡዎޮߋ੼̀Ңۤڍέ៉ݑბĂඕזಶдѩॡĂল஧௺ϔ࿃ঔᙱ႓ ݒ୮൑ᓝନ7Ą1873ܝࣧҝϔ୭च۞ְІĂҭ୻઼͹გγϹְચ̝ᓁநཿ Ăనϲາ۞ޘטଯ΍۞າ߆Ăϡͽᆿੵ็௚۞̂Щع߆ڼځᆿᘸཉᎩߏ 1871 ѐ͟ώ۞ 6 ԍϒˠĂ1986Ĉ34ğĄڗĞعг͞߆ Ꭹ႕эฏ̝˝ഝ៉ğĂ௺˯ 69 Щࢷڌލέ៉ݑბ۞ˣႱ៉Ğ̫זझΟफ௺ϔዎ࿃ঔᙱ႓ 7 ࿃˯੼̀ҢۤࣧҝϔĂ54 ˠၝዎ΍ਨ୭चĂѪ۰Βޢ໡Ѫ 3 ˠĂѣ 66 ˠ൳ౙĄೀ͇މ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2021/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 17 238 ѐĂ͟ώγચࣦઘफ჌Ҋᖣ፟Ш୻઼೩੓ল஧௺ϔ࿃ᙱְІĂҭᓁநЧ઼ ҊͨᴣႧă཭ᴃౣඍჍĈĶĞέ៉ğϠ൫ܼԧ̼γ̝ϔĂયཋ̂۞ܝચཿְ ধĂڑᄃӎĂ᝘ጴෳ઼ᏱநĄķ͟͞྾ͽѩՙؠШĶ൑͹൫ࠧķ΍һĞౘ 2004ğĄ1874 ѐ 4 ͡Ă͟ώͽҘฏଂ྽ࠎέ៉ְચᏀгౌ༛Ăதһซҫέ៉ ࣶ̖൴னءഇዸ௛8ĂߏࠎĶέ៉΍һķְІĄѩॡĂ୻઼ܜ౵ݑბ˘૲֭ ᘪࢎĺΔִ૞ࡗĻिְቪޢਬְវ̂Ăࠎឰ͟ώၣһ҃΍ࢬϹঘĂᗕ͞׎ ߏ͟࢕ᔵ൒ΪрၣᗓޮߋĂҭݒٺһ9Ă୻઼ٚᄮ͟ώ΍һࠎĶܲϔཌྷᓝķĂ มତٚᄮল஧ͳ઼ࠎ׎ᅳ˿Ąٺඈ ϣ྽̝࢒ল஧ĂࢋՐڗࠁᅋ̰ચ̂Ҋع߆ڼځѐ 7 ͡ 24 ͟Ă͟ώ 1875 ল஧઼ͳઃͤШ୻઼ഈ੒Ăᕝ඗ᄃ୻઼۞γϹᙯܼ10Ăᔘ׻΄ল஧Ķᘸͳķ ğĂШ͟ώ͇࠱ܑϯຏᔁ͟ώĶ᜕ܲķল஧ˠϔ۞ĶाᇇķĄִڌ঍˯ִĞإ ѐ 3 ͡ 11 ͟Ă͟ώᆿੵল஧ᘸĂበˢ౩׊फᎩĂҭТѐ 3 ͡ 27 ͟Ă 1879 Ҷ૟ল஧నࠎ՞縄ކ͟ 19 ͡ 5 ٺĂГޢࣶҌ֤ᜦപءϣ྽̝தᅳ࢕ᛋڗ ࢦވᒑĂᄃ׎΁ͳܭࠎދ঍ͳజإĂޢ΃Ꭹ΄Ą׎ܐᎩĂЇ׻ᔦफۡ૽ࠎ ጱͩϛщĂ੟࿅˘Ӄ۞׎ዶ 12 ˠ݋д༊гمጱͩϛฮğȈα͵गمॲᖳ֍ᏐĞ؟߁Ѕ ௺ࢷޢ჊эল஧ᐡĂ׎ـࣶщଵᖼءعĂϤ୻߆عέ៉ـ݈˭ᒉା̖ܠă໅ٻ႔ˠ໅̓ ӔᄇĂ2006Ĉ127ğĄڒᕩ઼ĄΫჍझΟफϔέ៉ዎचְІĞ ͡ Ꭹ֘ݱฏडᆴՅğ൳ౙĂ5ڌލᆴĞ̫ۤٺȈˬѐğ5 ͡ 8 ͟Ă͟࢕ڼѐĞ୻Т 1874 8 ܜՅğĂࣧҝϔୀ੟Ăհ̜ۤࢤܝᎩհ̜ฏϮڌލĞ̫ܝϮٯҥ˳มν੺͉̚७ซ͟ 22 ԸࢫĞຑᇇරĆᄹ̀Ă2008Ĉٺ༯Οͭ̄֗˸Ą7 ͡ 1 ͟Ăհ̜ۤă੼̀Ңۤẵ̪ۤ௣ܠ 68ğĄ ѐ 9 ͡ 22 ͟ᘪࢎĺΔִ૞ࡗĻĂ̰टВѣˬ୧ĈĞ1ğ͟ώ઼ѩѨٙᏱĂࣧࠎܲϔ 1874 9 ᅙ׌Ă͟ώףཌྷᓝ੓֍Ă୻઼̙޽ͽࠎ̙ߏĄĞ2ğ݈Ѩٙѣ࿃चᙱϔ̝छĂ઼̚ؠගᇬ ඈІĂ୻઼ᙸ঻ҋϡĂАҖᛉؠᚯྃᅙ׌ĂΩѣᛉᏱ̝ፂĄĞ3ğٗޙٙѣдྍ఍࣒྽ă ڱనآྍ఍Ϡ൫Ă୻઼ҋٺѩၣаොዚĂϖࠎቪኢĄҌك͛Ă̳ـ̷ֽ˘ٙѣѩְ׌઼ јȈ༱׌۞ٵЎचĄ׎̚Ă୻઼̙֏ኪᐺһ෱Ă҃૟̣Ȉ༱׌ᅙ᏿צԁࠎࡗՁĂ̙ਕГ ķĂზߏܲхᗞࢬ҃िְቪһĞ˫Р஽୻Ă1997ĈޏķᄃαȈ༱׌۞Ķᔉ෴྽ྮٗףĶᇬ 355-56ğĄ ׻΄Β߁ĈĞ1ğᆿੵ୻ഈѐཱིĂֹϡ͟ώѐཱིĄĞ2ğᆿͤল۞عϣ྽̝૲ֽ۞͟ώ߆ڗ 10 ୻צӈҜ҃ࠁᅋֹ۰۞ၚּĂТॡ˵ᆿੵল஧઼ͳՀ̝࢜ᅫତޓ஧၆୻ഈഈ੒׶ᇉෲ୻ ᄃ୻ഈ۞ϹঘໄϤ͟ώγચ࠷გᔑ఍̶Ăၣዚд჊э۞লޢၚּĂͽ̈́ল஧̫۞ދഈΊ ĄĞ4ğল஧ᑕޠڱĂֹϡ͟ώޠڱຽચϤ͟ώᅳְᐡგᔑඈĄĞ3ğᆿੵল஧ٽ஧ᐡĂ෶ ԼࢭڼĄĞ5ğল஧ĶᘸͳķˢഈĂࡁտ߆ޘטءड़ϼ͟ώซҖᘸ߆ԼࢭĂሀϼ͟ώ۞ᖚ Ğፖ̋ጯĂ1980Ĉ42ğĄڱ̝ޙᎸ̈́ 239 ژࡁڼল஧፾ϲྻજ۞߆ ঔ˱ķᗓฟ֤ᜦപ11ĄڌࢷӱĶ͟ 27 ͡ 5 ٺ࠻გĂܕಶִڌזࢋјࣶజૻ࢝ວ நĂ૟ল஧ཏफৼࠎᅳ˿Ăল஧ͳڱķڇفĶ۞ڱ΃઼ᅫܕҌѩĂ͟ώͽ ઼ϒё˸઼Ą ຐᖤ౜۞ল஧ͳ઼̄ޥጏछצѐତܜĂొ̶ޢ઼̝˸ল஧ͳ઼ϒё જĂҭд՞ྻ۞ڼߏणฟ௲ᗓ͟ώ௚ٺϔĂ̙ϟল஧јࠎ͟ώ۞˘ొ̶Ă ᔖᙱ҃߹ڼল஧ˠ৾৾Я߆۞ڼᘰᎩࣶᛋ۞ᗉᑅ׶งॏ̝˭Ă̙႕͟ώ௚ ˸୻઼Ą΁ࣇ̙ᕝШ୻઼˯३ኛᙸ12Ăԓ୕ጴᖣ୻઼˧ณࢦޙল஧ͳ઼Ăѩ ӈল஧ೇ઼ྻજĄ Α13ăШᇇԈ14ă͵ڒॡĂִڌـዏט঍ͳඈͳ୉јࣶజૻإ༊ 1879 ѐ ች̂ကඈˠԷүથమ15ĂதՂ͛྿ăችͽϒăസݱͽϒඈˠĂଂ჊э༱ု፜ ྿͇ߺĂ˯३ՂᕃౢĂࢋՐ୻઼ಶѩְШ͟ώϹঘĄ୻઼ז΍൴Ăགྷঔྮ ѐ 8 ͡ 14 1879 ٺඈˠܜΑᄃͨჟ͵ڒߏٺĂڍࠁዸֹ̂͟ңтራϹঘϏ 11 ͟ώ૟఺߱።ΫჍүĶল஧఍̶ķĄল஧ᘸనཉࠎௐ˘Ѩল஧఍̶ĂᆿᘸཉᎩࠎௐ˟Ѩ ݱϒ᎞Ă1978Ĉ13ğĄܛল஧఍̶Ğ ăᖃܝፂ͟ώጯ۰֔ᑏчି଱௚ࢍĂҋ 1879 ѐҌ 1885 ѐĂল஧ֹҊ̶ҾШ୻ഈᓁநཿ 12 ᅍӔኛᙸ३ 28 ЊĂ఺ֱኛᙸ३Ӯͽءഋăధഀሏăᐁࠡඈ୻ഈ੼؟ͽ̈́Ղᕃౢăνొ ͹઼ۡତ̬ˢγĂҾ൑ା઼؟ল஧઼ͳЩཌྷĂᛚࢗĶೇ઼ķăĶೇӖķ̝̂ཌྷĂҭૻአੵ ։ඉĞ֔ᑏчĂ1990Ĉ96ğĄ ΑĞЩݱ̝྆̄Ꮠำ˯ߋ౭Ă1842 ѐ 2 ͡ 3 ͟-1880 ѐ 11 ͡ 20 ͟ğĂф̄ୃĂཱི͵ڒ 13 ঒Ğ̫჊эξࣗ̋ડڒᅥᎩع࠷჊эޙາݯछĂয়ᚱ჊ͩڒߋ౭Ă΍Ϡдল஧˳ѼՅ۞ ΑЯჟ఼ྐ͛҃జ͵ڒͳഈϐഇ۞˘Щ̀୉Ą1865 ѐĂ23 ໐۞ͩإ˟঒ğĂߏল஧ௐڒ ୻ഈ঻ـТ݈˘م͵ڒ෱঻ጯϠğĄ1868 ѐ 10 ͡Ăᄃͨ啓ேăཀྵЏᇉăءϠĞءᏴࠎ Αፉ͵ڒጯјᕩ઼Ą1875 ѐ 6 ͡Ăޢ྿ִरĞΔִğˢጯ઼̄ႾĂ4 ѐזѨѐٺጯĂ֭ Α͵̄र۞֗͵ڒٺĄϤء׏۞ᓾྋإጯ̂रНĂ9 ͡˫јࠎ̚ݱͳ઼̄۞عЇল஧ͳ ࠎ઼रĂ֭ેೠഈ߆Ğ̂ݱϲྈĂ1992Ĉ24ğĄچΑ૟ົజ͵ڒЊĂ༊ॡ೼࿆ᄮࠎ ͳഈϐഇͳ୉ăᏐ୻ࠁ߆ͩإ˟гᏐ͞ഈ૱Ă1843 ѐů1891 ѐğল஧઼ௐضШᇇԈĞ 14 ঍ͳ۞͈ؓĞष⎒Ă2011Ĉإֈͳௐα̃ࣘݱਃ͹ĂЯѩШᇇԈ˵ߏإछĄ΁۞͈ˠߏڼ 11ğĄ ྻڼͳഈϐഇ۞߆ͩإ˟ች̂ကĞϿࢍᏐำ˯ѬᐑĂ1823 ѐůĉğĂфѬᐑĂߏল஧ௐ 15 Ą1848 ѐĂች̂ကᄃዑཱྀޢજछăྐˠĄች̂က΍Ϡд˳ѼՅĂ׎য়Аߏ႔ˠொϔ۞ ჊эĂጯ௫ࢲͪгந׶࣒❧ͳـᏐำ˯ğ݈̝̄྆ܜ։ҥĞᄃᆇᏐำ˯ğăችӔ჉Ğਃ ତΊܓـΫ˘ᖚ۞ች̂ကᄃ໅ЍྈĞπ։Ꮠำ˯ğඈˠ݈ܜĄ1867 ѐĂፉЇཌڱ౗̝ Δـ୻ഈՐାĂ1879 ѐՀ݈ـΑඈ 19 ˠ݈͵ڒᅀາĄ1875 ѐĂች̂ကᄃШᇇԈăֹދ ߌշĂ1995Ĉ167ğĄتࢋՐ୻ഈӄ׎ೇ઼Ğщִ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2021/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 17 240 ҕ៰ኛķĂኛՐ΍һା೯ল஧ĞҘڥݖཱིĂྱܜĂĶܝ૟ኛᙸ३ਖ਼Ϲᓁநཿ͟ ኛՐ୻ԗڱ΁ࣇͽ඗ࢴ۞͞ޢಈҖĂ1992Ĉ45ğĄҭ୻઼Ϗү΍ͅᑕĂ౵֧ Ш͟ώϹঘĂֹ଀୻ԗࠁᅋՂᕃౢᄃ͟ώኘҿĄ Ă̚ă͟׌઼ಛᖒল஧યᗟซҖкѨϹঘĂҭౌ՟ਕ྿ј˘࡭࠻ޢѩ ᖼ҃ՐӄЕૻЅ෗Ăͽഇਕྋՙল஧યᗟĄ׎ॡĂޫె઼࡚˜عĄ୻߆ڱ ഭ͟ώĂ୻ڌЇᓁ௚ॾᜋপĞUlysses S.

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