System Administration Guide, Volume II Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA 94043 U.S.A. Part No: 805-3728–10 October 1998 Copyright 1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solstice Disk Suite, Solaris Solve, Java, JavaStation, DeskSet, OpenWindows and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. DecWriter, LaserWriter, Epson, NEC, Adobe The OPEN LOOK and SunTM Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227–14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227–19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227–7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202–3(a). DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. Copyright 1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, Californie 94303-4900 Etats-Unis. Tous droits réservés. Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation. Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l’autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s’il y en a. Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun. Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l’Université de Californie. UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solstice DiskSuite, Solaris Solve, Java, JavaStation, DeskSet, OpenWindows et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc.DecWriter, LaserWriter, Epson, NEC, Adobe L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et SunTM a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S’APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU. Please Recycle Contents About This Book xxix Part I Managing Printing Services 1. Print Management (Overview) 3 The Solaris Print Software 3 Redesign of Print Packages 4 Print Protocol Adaptor 5 Using Print Clients 5 Enhanced Network Printer Support 6 Printing in the Solaris Operating Environment 6 Choosing a Method to Manage Printers 7 The LP Print Service 8 Managing Network Printers 9 Administering Printers 9 Setting Definitions for Printers 9 Administering Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts 10 Customizing the LP Print Service 10 Using the Print Client Software 10 The Print Client Process 11 Print Clients 11 Contents iii Printer Configuration Resources 12 Using Print Servers 15 2. Planning Printers on Your Network (Overview) 17 Distributing Printers on the Network 17 Assigning Print Servers and Print Clients 18 Print Server Requirements and Recommendations 20 Spooling Space 20 Disk Space 20 Memory 21 Swap Space 21 Hard Disk 21 Planning for Printer Setup 21 Setting Definitions for Printers 21 Selecting a Printer Type 25 Selecting a File Content Type 26 3. Setting Up Printers (Tasks) 29 Updating Print Clients to Access Existing Printers 30 Updating Print Clients to Access Existing Printers Task Map 30 Converting Existing Printer Configuration Information 31 r How to Convert Printer Information For a System Running the SunOS 5.5.1 Release or Compatible Versions 32 r How to Convert Printer Information For a System Running the SunOS 4.1 Release 32 Setting Up Printing 33 Setting Up Printing Task Map 33 Starting Admintool 35 r How to Start Admintool 35 Setting Up a Print Server 36 r How to Add a Local Printer Using Admintool 36 iv System Administration Guide, Volume II ♦ October 1998 r How to Add a Local Printer Using LP Commands 38 Setting Up a Print Client 41 r How to Add Printer Access on the Print Client Using Admintool 42 r How to Add Access on the Print Client using LP Commands 43 Adding Access to a Remote Printer Using a Name Service 44 r How to Add Domain-Wide Access to a Printer using NIS 44 r How to Add Domain-Wide Access to a Printer using NIS+ 45 Enabling Print Clients to Access Existing Printers 46 r How to Use the /etc/printers.conf File to Load NIS 46 r How to Use the /etc/printers.conf File to Load NIS+ 47 Setting Up a .printers File 47 (Optional) How to Set Up a .printers File 48 Adding a Network Printer 48 Printer Vendor Supplied Software for Network Printers 50 Sun Support for Network Printers 50 Invoking the Network Printer Support 50 Selecting the Protocol 50 Selecting the Printer Node Name 51 Selecting the Network Printer Access Name 51 Setting the Timeout Value 52 Managing Network Printer Access 52 r How to Add a Network Printer Using Printer Vendor Supplied Tools 53 r How To Add A Network Printer Using LP Commands 54 4. Administering Printers (Tasks) 59 Managing Printers and the Print Scheduler 60 Deleting Printers and Printer Access 60 r How to Delete a Printer and Remote Printer Access 60 Checking Printer Status 63 Contents v r How to Check the Status of Printers 63 Restarting the Print Scheduler 65 r How to Stop the Print Scheduler 65 r How to Restart the Print Scheduler 66 Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions 66 r How to Add a Printer Description 66 Setting Up a Default Printer Destination 67 r How to Set a System’s Default Printer 68 Printing Banner Pages 68 r How to Make Banner Pages Optional 69 r How to Turn Off Banner Pages 70 Setting Up Printer Classes 70 r How to Define a Class of Printers 71 Setting Up Printer Fault Alerts 71 r How to Set Fault Alerts for a Printer 72 Setting Up Printer Fault Recovery 73 r How to Set Printer Fault Recovery 75 Limiting User Access to a Printer 75 r How to Limit User Access to a Printer 77 Managing Print Requests 78 r How to Check the Status of Print Requests 79 Processing or Stopping Printing 81 r How to Accept or Reject Print Requests for a Printer 81 Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests 82 r How to Enable or Disable a Printer 84 Canceling a Print Request 85 r How to Cancel a Print Request 85 r How to Cancel a Print Request From a Specific User 86 vi System Administration Guide, Volume II ♦ October 1998 Moving a Print Request 87 r How to Move Print Requests to Another Printer 88 Changing the Priority of Print Requests 89 r How to Change the Priority of a Print Request 89 5. Managing Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts (Tasks) 91 Managing Character Sets 92 Selectable Character Sets 92 Hardware-Mounted Character Sets 93 Tracking Print Wheels 94 Alerts for Mounting Print Wheels or Cartridges 94 r How to Define a