Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12 Issue 3 Justice and the Prevention of Genocide Article 2 12-2018 Full Issue 12.3 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2018) "Full Issue 12.3," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 3: i-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.3 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss3/2 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1911-0359 eISSN 1911-9933 Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12.3 - 2018 ii ©2018 Genocide Studies and Prevention 12, no. 3 iii Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/ Volume 12.3 - 2018 Editorials Christian Gudehus, Susan Braden, Randle DeFalco, Roland Moerland, Brian Kritz, JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz, and Lior Zylberman Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Melanie O’Brien Guest Editorial: Justice for and Prevention of Genocide ..........................................................2 Conference Proceedings Robert Cribb Atrocity and the Limits of Historical Guilt ..............................................................................4 Alex J. Bellamy Holding Back the Tide: Genocide Prevention in Our More Violent World ...........................10 William Smith Justice for Genocide in Cambodia - The Case for the Prosecution ..........................................20 Kirril Shields, Ted Nannicelli, and Henry Theriault Denial: David Irving, and the Complexities of Representing a Holocaust Denier ................40 Articles Rebecca Gidley and Mathew Turner Judicializing History: Mass Crimes Trials and the Historian as Expert Witness in West Germany, Cambodia, and Bangladesh ...........................................................................52 Caroline Bennett Karma after Democratic Kampuchea: Justice Outside the Khmer Rouge Tribunal..............68 Björn Schiffbauer The Duty to Prevent Genocide under International Law: Naming and Shaming as a Measure of Prevention .....................................................................................................83 ©2018 Genocide Studies and Prevention 12, no. 3 iv Judith Rafferty “I Wanted Them to Be Punished or at Least Ask Us for Forgiveness”: Justice Interests of Female Victim-Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Their Experiences with Gacaca ............................................................................................................................95 Katherine Southwick Straining to Prevent the Rohingya Genocide: A Sociology of Law Perspective ...................119 Emily Willard New Documents Shed Light: Why Did Peacekeepers Withdraw during Rwanda’s 1994 Genocide?. ....................................................................................................................143 James A. Tyner, Andrew Curtis, Sokvisal Kimsroy, and Chhunly Chhay The Evacuation of Phnom Penh during the Cambodian Genocide: Applying Spatial Video Geonarratives to the Study of Genocide................................................................................163 Case Study Jolene Hansell Case Note: Case of Araya v. Nevsun Resources Ltd. in the Canadian Courts. ....................177 Book Reviews All Necessary Measures: The United Nations and Humanitarian Intervention.” by Carrie Booth Walling, reviewed by Deborah Mayersen ........................................182 Jewish Masculinity in the Holocaust: Between Destruction and Construction by Maddy Carey, reviewed by Kevin Gentzler ............................................................184 The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America by Andrés Reséndez, reviewed by Emily Willard .......................................................187 The Broken Voice: Reading Post-Holocaust Literature by Robert Eaglestone, reviewed by Linda F. Burghardt .............................................190 Film Review Rosario Cervio and Martín Liji, El vecino alemán (The German Neighbor) reviewed by María Luciana Minassian ..........................................................................193 ©2018 Genocide Studies and Prevention 12, no. 3 Editors’ Introduction Melanie O’Brien edited this Special Issue on Justice and the Prevention of Genocide. She was the the head of the 2017 IAGS Conference in Brisbane and also part of the GSP Editorial Team for more than three years. All members of the Editorial Board that have worked with her in the past are grateful for her contribution to the journal and the excellent work she has done on this special issue. We wanted to briefly highlight that this Special Issue has a few components that do not quite fall within the issue’s theme. However, these other submissions are well within the rubrics and topics we address in GSP, and therefore have been included in this publication. We have added a full article by Emily Willard. Based on newly declassified documents, she has reanalyzed the withdrawal of UN Peacekeepers during the Genocide in Rwanda. It has been argued that the so-called Somalia syndrome (the catastrophic outcome of the US-intervention in Somalia in October 1993) led to the reluctance of the U.S. Government regarding its involvement in Rwanda. Willard, however, argues that the political actors decided on how to act in the Rwanda case before the Somali experience. Willard disentangles the many factors and actors and creates a better understanding of these rather complex political and organizational processes. Field notes are about research practices and ideally discuss innovative approaches. In this sense, the paper of James Tyner, Andrew Curtis, Sokvisal Kimsroy, and Chhunly Chhay fits perfectly, as it constructs a geo-narrative account/analysis of the evacuation of Phnom Penh under the Khmer Rouge regime. The method featured, Spatial Video Geonarrative, confronts witnesses with filmed places of the event. This method “may trigger specific recollections and thereby contribute to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of previous experiences.” We hope to initiate a discussion on the merits and weaknesses of such an approach. Finally, Jolene Hansell’s case note discusses how Eritrean nationals bring their claim against a Canadian company that operates in Eritrea before a Canadian court. The plaintiffs argue, “their treatment as laborers (…) violates customary international law prohibitions against forced labor.” The paper sheds light on the complexities, but also on the possibilities to bring economic entities operating internationally to justice. Christian Gudehus Susan Braden Randle DeFalco Roland Moerland Brian Kritz JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz Lior Zylberman Christian Gudehus, Susan Braden, Randle DeFalco, Roland Moerland, Brian Kritz, JoAnn DiGeorgio-Lutz, and Lior Zylberman. “Editors’ Introduction” Genocide Studies and Prevention 12, 3 (2018): 1. ©2018 Genocide Studies and Prevention. https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.3.1662 Guest Editorial: Justice for and Prevention of Genocide In 2017, the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) conference was held at the University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia. Hosting by the UQ Law School and the Asia- Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (R2P Centre), the theme was Justice and Prevention of Genocide. The conference was a resounding success, attending by almost 200 scholars from around the world. Papers were delivered on topics ranging from the Armenian Genocide to the Indonesian atrocities of 1965, climate change, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), and Indigenous genocides. The latter topic was particularly relevant given the host country, Australia, and its history as a colonised land, leading to massacres of local Aboriginal populations, removal of Aboriginal children from their families,1 and ongoing inequalities between Aboriginal and other populations today. One of the keynote speakers was a local Aboriginal elder, Lilla Watson, who opened the conference at the Welcome Event. Her keynote was particularly poignant and moving, detailing the impact of colonisation on Aboriginal people, and the personal connection for her with these atrocities. Three of the other keynote speeches are included in this special issue. Alex Bellamy, Director of the R2P Centre, and foremost expert on R2P, spoke on ‘Holding Back the Tide? Human Protection and Genocide Prevention in our More Violent World’, where atrocity prevention is key in a time of global conflict. William Smith, the Deputy Co-Prosecutor of the ECCC, spoke about the different types of evidence required to prove atrocities at the ECCC, with a particular focus on the importance of the work of scholars in the field and the role they played in the trial. Robert Cribb talked about the limits of historical guilt over atrocities, with specific reference to the case of Japan in WWII and its post-war relations with the West. A screening of the film ‘Denial’ at IAGS2017 was particularly relevant and timely, given that, only two months before the conference, Holocaust denial flyers were found on the campus of UQ, as well as other Australian universities.2