FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 264 Annual Integrated Report 2019 265 Bank Asia Limited Independent Auditor’s Report to the Shareholders of Bank Asia Limited Report on the Audit of the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements Opinion We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Bank Asia Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Group”), as well as the separate financial statements of Bank Asia Limited (the “Bank”),which comprise the consolidated and separate balance sheets as at 31 December 2019, and the consolidated and separate profit and loss accounts, consolidated and separate changes in equity and consolidated and separate cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated and separate financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the group and separate financial statement of the Bank give true and fair view of the consolidated balance sheet of the group and the separate balance sheet of the Bank as at 31 December 2019, and of its consiladated and separate profit and loss accounts and its consolidated and separate cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as explained in note 02-03. Basis for Opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group and the Bank in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code), Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) and Bangladesh Bank, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) Bye Laws. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Key Audit Matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Key audit matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter Investment Refer note no 3.1.2,3,4 and 5 and 7, 7(a) to the consolidated financial statements The classification and measurement in quoted and unquoted securities We assessed the processes and controls put in place by the Group to require judgment and complex estimates. identify and confirm the existence of financial instruments. In the absence of a quoted price in an active market, the fair value of We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the quoted and unquoted securities is determined using complex valuation operating effectiveness of the key controls over the financial instrument techniques which may take into consideration direct or indirect valuation processes, including controls over market data inputs into valu- unobservable market data and complex pricing models which require an ation models, applicable governance, and valuation adjustments. elevated level of judgment. We tested a sample of the valuation models and the inputs used in those models, using a variety of techniques, including comparing inputs to available market data. Finally,we assessed the appropriateness and presentation of disclosures against relevant accounting standards and Bangladesh Bank guidelines. Measurement of provision for loans and advances Refer note no3.1.6,and 8, 8(a) 13, 13(a) to the consolidated financial statements The process for estimating the provision for loans and advances portfolio We tested the design and operating effectiveness of key controls focusing associated with credit risk is significant and complex. on the following: For the individual analysis, these provisions consider the estimates of Tested the credit appraisal, loan disbursement procedures, monitor- future business performance and the market value of collateral provided ing and provisioning process; for credit transactions. Reviewed identification of loss events, including early warning and For the collective analysis, these provisions are manually processed that default warning indicators; deals with voluminous databases, assumptions and calculations for the Reviewed quarterly Classification of Loans (CL); provision estimates of complex design and implementation. At year end the Group reported total gross loans and advances of BDT. 230,095,211,871 (2018: BDT. 217,552,931,835) and provision for loans and advances of BDT 12,833,611,089 (2018:9,502,495,960) including provision maintained by BASL BDT. 554,494,169 (2018: BDT. 518,494,169). 266 Key audit matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter We have focused on the following significant judgements and estimates Our substantive procedures in relation to the provision for loans and which could give rise to material misstatement in the financial state- advances portfolio comprised the following: ments or management bias: Reviewed the adequacy of the companies general and specific Completeness and timing of recognition of loss events in accordance provisions; with criteria set out in BRPD circular no. 16 dated 06 December 1998, 9 Assessed the methodologies on which the provision amounts dated 14 May 2001, 9 and 10 dated 20 August 2005, 8 dated 07 August based, recalculated the provisions and tested the completeness and 2007, 10 dated 18 September 2007, 14 dated 23 September 2012, 19 dat- accuracy of the underlying information; ed 27 December 2012, 5 dated 29 May 2013, 16 dated 18 November 2014, Finally, we assessed the appropriateness and presentation of disclo- 8 dated 02 August 2015, 12 dated 20 August 2017, 15 dated 27 September sures against relevant accounting standards and Bangladesh Bank 2017, 01 dated 03 January 2018, 01 dated 20 February 2018, 01 dated 03 guidelines. January 2019, 01 dated 06 February 2019, 03 dated 21 April 2019, 05 dated 16 May 2019. For individually assessed provisions, the measurement of the provision may be dependent on the valuation of collateral, estimates of exit values and the timing of cash flows. Provision measurement is primarily dependent upon key assumptions relating to probability of default, ability to repossess collateral and recov- ery rates. Legal and regulatory matters We focused on this area because the Bank and its subsidiaries (the We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the op- “Group”) operates in a legal and regulatory environment that is exposed erational effectiveness of the Group’s key controls over the legal provision to significant litigation and similar risks arising from disputes and regula- and contingency processes. tory proceedings. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and the We enquired into those charged with governance to obtain their views on outcome may be difficult to predict. the status of all significant litigation and regulatory matters. These uncertainties inherently affect the amount and timing of potential We enquired of the Group’s internal legal counsel for all significant litiga- outflows with respect to the provisions which have been established and tion and regulatory matters and inspected internal notes and reports. We other contingent liabilities. also received formal confirmations from external counsel. Overall, the legal provision represents the Group’s best estimate for We assessed the methodologies on which the provision amounts are existing legal matters that have a probable and estimable impact on the based, recalculated the provisions, and tested the completeness and Group’s financial position. accuracy of the underlying information. We also assessed the Group’s provisions and contingent liabilities disclo- sure. IT Assets Management Our audit procedures have a focus on IT systems and controls due We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the Group’s to the pervasive nature and complexity of the IT environment, the IT access controls over the information systems that are critical to large volume of transactions processed in numerous locations financial reporting. We tested IT general controls (logical access, daily and the reliance on automated and IT dependent manual changes management and aspects of IT operational controls). controls. This included testing that requests for access to systems were Our areas of audit focus included master data management, appropriately reviewed and authorized. We tested the Group’s user access management, developer access to the production periodic review of access rights. We inspected requests of chang- environment and changes to the IT environment. Among others, es to systems for appropriate approval and authorization. We these are key to ensuring operating effecitveniess of IT dependent considered the control environment relating to various interfaces, application based controls. configuration and other application layer controls identified as key to our audit. Where deficiencies were identified, we tested compensating controls or performed alternate procedures. In addition, we un- derstood where relevant, changes were made to the IT landscape during the