Ref. Ares(2018)476363 - 26/01/2018 D2.1 Mapping of the current status of dynamics of value chain of European transport manufacturing industry Arrasate, 26/01/2016 Editor: Gerardo Pagalday [email protected] Authors: All parners Date: 26/01/2018 1 Document change record Version Date Status Author Description 0.1 24/03/2017 Draft Konstantin Konrad Draft document structure 0.2 18/12/2017 Draft Gerardo Pagalday Deliverable version 2 26/01/2018 Deliverable Gerardo Pagalday Deliverable final version Consortium No Participant organisation name Short Name Country 1 VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH VDI/VDE-IT DE 2 Railenium Railenium FR 3 Cranfield University CU UK 4 Maritime University of Szczecin MUS PL 5 Transportøkonomisk Institutt ( TOI) TOI NO 6 Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics ISL DE 7 IK4 Research Alliance IK4 ES 8 Intl. Association of Public Transport Operators UITP BE 2 Table of contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 23 1.1 Project background ..................................................................................................... 23 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Focus Areas for D2.1 Mapping of the current status of dynamics of value chain of European transport manufacturing industry ............................................................... 24 2 Automotive .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.1 Automotive Industry: Cars .......................................................................................... 27 2.1.1 SCORE Approach for automotive industry .................................................... 27 2.1.1.1 Challenges and technological trends for Europe`s industry .......................... 28 2.1.1.2 Introduction to automation levels for on-road motor vehicles ........................ 31 2.1.2 Description of the automotive sector ............................................................. 32 2.1.2.1 Manufacturing: size and structure.................................................................. 36 2.1.3 Characterize the value chain and the individual parts ................................... 39 2.1.3.1 Value Chain of BMW ..................................................................................... 40 2.1.3.1.1 Products ................................................................................................... 40 2.1.3.1.2 Final assembly sites ................................................................................. 41 2.1.3.1.3 Value chain main characteristics ............................................................. 42 2.1.3.2 BMW AG and Electromobility ........................................................................ 42 2.1.3.2.1 Actual models and range ......................................................................... 43 2.1.3.2.2 Future Strategy ........................................................................................ 43 2.1.3.3 Groupe PSA ................................................................................................... 44 2.1.3.3.1 Description of the company ..................................................................... 44 2.1.3.3.2 Products ................................................................................................... 45 2.1.3.3.3 Final assembly sites ................................................................................. 46 2.1.3.3.4 Groupe PSA and Electromobility ............................................................. 47 2.1.3.3.4.1 Actual models and range ...................................................................... 47 2.1.3.3.4.2 Future Strategy ..................................................................................... 48 2.1.3.4 Tesla, Inc. ...................................................................................................... 48 2.1.3.4.1 Description of the company ..................................................................... 48 2.1.3.4.2 Products ................................................................................................... 49 2.1.3.4.2.1 Car Models ............................................................................................ 49 2.1.3.4.2.2 Battery Products .................................................................................... 49 2.1.3.4.2.3 Supercharger ........................................................................................ 49 2.1.3.4.3 Used Technologies .................................................................................. 50 2.1.3.4.3.1 Unique Battery Technology ................................................................... 50 2.1.3.4.3.2 Autopilot ................................................................................................ 50 2.1.3.4.4 Transition to a mass manufacturer .......................................................... 51 2.1.3.4.4.1 Tesla Gigafactory 1 ............................................................................... 51 2.1.3.5 Build Your Dream BYD .................................................................................. 52 2.1.3.5.1 Description of the company ..................................................................... 52 2.1.3.5.2 Main company products ........................................................................... 52 2.1.3.5.2.1 All electric car models ........................................................................... 52 2.1.3.5.2.2 Plug-in hybrid car models ..................................................................... 53 2.1.3.5.2.3 Battery Manufacturing ........................................................................... 53 2.1.3.5.3 BYD`s expansion strategy........................................................................ 53 2.1.4 Scoring of the European Automotive Industry ............................................... 54 2.1.4.1 Research & Development .............................................................................. 55 2.1.4.1.1 Research & Development expenditures .................................................. 55 2.1.4.1.2 Research and Development funding initiatives ........................................ 60 3 2.1.4.2 Summary for the Focus Area Research and Development ........................... 68 2.1.4.3 Technological readiness & leadership / manufacturing capability ................. 68 2.1.4.3.1 Expert survey determining technical leadership in electric mobility and Connected and Automated Driving ................................................................ 68 2.1.4.3.2 Expert assessment - Index Automated Vehicles ..................................... 72 2.1.4.4 Summary for the Focus Area Technological Leadership............................... 74 2.1.4.5 Skilled workforce / education ......................................................................... 74 2.1.4.5.1 Qualified Workforce .................................................................................. 74 2.1.4.6 Innovation ...................................................................................................... 78 2.1.4.6.1 Patent quantities for autonomous driving ................................................. 79 2.1.4.6.2 Patent quantities for autonomous driving, driver assistance and telematics 80 2.1.4.6.3 Patent quantity: Traditional car manufacturers vs. ICT-companies ......... 83 2.1.4.7 Summary for the Focus Area Innovation ....................................................... 85 2.2 Automotive industry: LCV & HGV ............................................................................... 87 2.2.1 Introduction and Approach ............................................................................. 87 2.2.2 Current Value Chains of Leading LCV’s and HGV’s OEM’s ......................... 88 2.2.2.1 Functional Structure of Value Chains in Europe, the US, and China ............ 88 2.2.2.2 Geo-spatial Structure of Auto Production Networks ...................................... 91 2.2.2.2.1 EU, Turkey and Ukraine ........................................................................... 93 2.2.2.2.2 The US ..................................................................................................... 95 2.2.2.2.3 Japan........................................................................................................ 96 2.2.2.2.4 South Korea ............................................................................................. 98 2.2.2.2.5 China ...................................................................................................... 100 2.2.2.3 Geo-spatial Organization of Motorized Industry’s Value Chains ................. 102 2.2.2.4 Summary ...................................................................................................... 104 2.2.3 Characterization of Value Chains’ Product Portfolio and Players ............... 104 2.2.3.1 EU ................................................................................................................ 104 2.2.3.2 The U.S ........................................................................................................ 108 2.2.3.3 Japan ........................................................................................................... 110 2.2.3.4 Summary 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