FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF 125 MWp UTILITY SCALE PV-BASED SOLAR POWER PLANT IN KANKIYA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA BY NOVA SOLAR 5 FARMS LIMITED SUBMITTED TO THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT DECEMBER, 2015 NSF SOLAR POWER PLANT ESIA – FINAL REPORT NSF SOLAR POWER PLANT ESIA – FINAL REPORT NSF SOLAR POWER PLANT ESIA – FINAL REPORT NSF SOLAR POWER PLANT ESIA – FINAL REPORT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF 125 MWp UTILITY SCALE PV-BASED SOLAR POWER PLANT IN KANKIYA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA REPORT NO.: S-1411A CLIENT: NOVA SOLAR 5 FARMS LIMITED 43 USUMA STREET, OFF GANA STREET, MAITAMA, F.C.T. ABUJA, NIGERIA DATE OF REPORT: DECEMBER, 2015 PROJECT MANAGER: PATRICK AGIOH Fugro Nigeria Ltd Quality Assurance: Name Position Signature Date Approved by Prof. G.C. Managing Director Ofunne Checked by Esa Odan Service Line Manager (Water and Environment) Version Status 1 Initial Draft Report 15/05/2015 2 Draft Report 18/09/2015 3 Final Report 09/12/2015 91 Odani Road (Fugro Avenue), Off PH-Eleme Expressway, Elelenwo, P.M.B 053, Port Harcourt. Tel.: +234-708-4102-400. E-mail: [email protected] 125 MWp Katsina Solar PV Power Plant - ESIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i of xiv List of Figures viii of xiv List of Tables x of xiv List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xii of xiv List of Preparers xv of xiv Executive Summary i of xvi Acknowledgement i of i CHAPTER ONE 1 of 37 INTRODUCTION 1 of 37 1.1 General 1 of 37 1.2 The Proponent 2 of 37 1.3 Project Area 2 of 37 1.4 ESIA Objectives 4 of 37 1.5 EIA Scope of Work 5 of 37 1.6 EIA Methodology 5 of 37 1.7 Administrative and Legal Framework 8 of 37 1.7.1 National Guidelines 8 of 37 1.7.2 State Regulations 18 of 37 1.7.3 International Conventions, Agreements, and Protocols 19 of 37 1.7.4 International Best Practice Guidelines and Standards 20 of 37 1.8 EIA Approval Process in Nigeria 35 of 37 1.9 Structure of Report 37 of 37 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 1 of 11 CHAPTER TWO 1 of 11 2.1 Background Information 1 of 11 2.2 Need for the Project 3 of 11 2.3 Benefit of the Project 3 of 11 2.4 Envisaged Sustainability 3 of 11 2.5 Project Options 6 of 11 2.5.1 Project Site Alternatives 6 of 11 2.5.2 Project Development Alternatives 8 of 11 2.5.3 Power Plant Fuel Alternatives 9 of 11 2.5.4 Solar Power Plant Alternatives 10 of 11 2.6 Power evacuation Considerations 11 of 11 CHAPTER THREE 1 of 72 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 of 72 3.1 General 1 of 72 3.2 Project Overview 1 of 72 3.2.1 Site Selection 1 of 72 3.3 Proposed project Layout 5 of 72 3.4 Facilities Design Bases 5 of 72 3.5 PV Based Solar Power Plant Process 6 of 72 3.6 Photovoltaic Plant Constituents 10 of 72 3.6.1 Module Components Assembly 11 of 72 Table of Contents December 2015 Page i of xiv Final Report 125 MWp Katsina Solar PV Power Plant - ESIA 3.6.2 PV plant Infrastructure 11 of 72 3.7 The Connection Works Components 12of 72 3.7.1 Transmission line Technology 12 of 72 3.7.2 Plant Substation 12 of 72 3.7.3 Transmission Line Constituents 12 of 72 3.7.4 Substation Constituents 13 of 72 3.8 Energy Yield Considerations and Prediction 13 of 72 3.9 Plant Design and Technology Considerations 15 of 72 3.9.1 Technology Selection 15 of 72 3.10 Layout and Shading Considerations 20 of 72 3.10.1 General Layout 21 of 72 3.10.2 Tilt Angle 21 of 72 3.10.3 Inter-Row Spacing 21 of 72 3.10.4 Orientation 22 of 72 3.11 Electrical Design Considerations 22 of 72 3.11.1 DC System 22 of 72 3.11.2 AC System 29 of 72 3.12 Infrastructure 34 of 72 3.12.1 Quality Benchmarks 35 of 72 3.12.2 Site Security 35 of 72 3.12.3 Monitoring and Forecasting 35 of 72 3.12.4 Optimizing System Design 39 of 72 3.12.5 Design Documentation Requirements 39 of 72 3.12.6 The Auxiliary Systems 40 of 72 3.13 Evacuation of Power 40 of 72 3.14 Performance Engineering Services 47of 72 3.15 Project Scheduling and Implementation 47 of 72 3.16 Construction 49 of 72 3.16.1 Interface Management 46 of 72 3.16.2 Programme and Scheduling 46 of 72 3.16.3 Milestones 51 of 72 3.16.4 Planning and Task Sequencing 51 of 72 3.16.5 Risk Management 51 of 72 3.16.6 Cost Management 52 of 72 3.16.7 Contractor Warranties 53 of 72 3.16.8 Quality Management 53 of 72 3.16.9 Environmental Management 54 of 72 3.16.10 Health and Safety Management 54 of 72 3.16.11 Specific Solar PV Construction Issues 54 of 72 3.16.12 Electrical 55 of 72 3.16.13 Grid Connection 56 of 72 3.16.14 Logistical 56 of 72 3.17 Construction Supervision 56 of 72 3.18 Commissioning 57 of 72 3.18.1 General Recommendations 58 of 72 3.18.2 Pre-Connection Acceptance Testing 58 of 72 3.18.3 Grid Connection 59 of 72 3.18.4 Post Connection Acceptance Testing 59 of 72 3.18.5 Provisional Acceptance 59 of 72 Table of Contents December 2015 Page ii of xiv Final Report 125 MWp Katsina Solar PV Power Plant - ESIA 3.18.6 Handover Documentation 60 of 72 3.19 Operation and Maintenance 60 of 72 3.19.1 Scheduled/Preventative Maintenance 60 of 72 3.19.2 Unscheduled Maintenance 62 of 72 3.19.3 Spares 62 of 72 3.19.4 Performance Monitoring, Evaluation and Optimization 63 of 72 3.19.5 Contracts 63 of 72 3.19.6 Environmental Management System 66 of 72 3.20 Decommissioning and Abandonment Plan 67 of 72 3.21 Requirements for Project Implementation Phases 67 of 72 3.21.1 Pre-construction and Construction phase 68 of 72 3.21.2 Operation and Maintenance Phase 69 of 72 3.21.3 Project Personnel Requirements 70 of 72 CHAPTER FOUR 1 of 68 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 1 of 68 4.1 General 1 of 68 4.2 Baseline Data Acquisition Method 1 of 68 4.2.1 Desktop Studies 1 of 68 4.2.2 Field Sampling/Measurement 2 of 68 4.2.3 Sampling Design 2 of 68 4.2.4 Analysis Method 2 of 68 4.3 Climate/Meteorology 3 of 68 4.3.1 Sunshine 4 of 68 4.3.2 Temperature 4 of 68 4.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure 5 of 68 4.3.4 Wind Conditions 5 of 68 4.3.5 Relative Humidity 6 of 68 4.3.6 Rainfall 7 of 68 4.3.7 Cloud 7 of 68 4.4 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level 7 of 68 4.4.1 Ambient Air Quality 7 of68 4.4.2 Noise Level 11 of 68 4.5 Geology 13 of 68 4.5.1 Hydrogeology 14 of 68 4.6 Hydrology 16 of 68 4.6.1 Surface Water Physico-chemistry 17 of 68 4.7 Ground Water 17 of 68 4.7.1 Ground Water Physico-chemistry 17 of 68 4.8 Soil 19 of 68 4.8.1 Soil Physico-chemical Characteristics 19 of 68 4.8.2 Soil Microbiological Characteristics 23 of68 4.9 Vegetation 25 of 68 4.9.1 Biodiversity Study Methodology 26 of 68 4.9.2 Vegetation Description 26 of 68 4.9.3 Plants Species within Transect A 26 of 68 4.9.4 Plants Species within Transect B 28 of 68 4.9.5 Plants Species within Transect C 30 of 68 4.9.6 Cultivated Crops 32 of 68 Table of Contents December 2015 Page iii of xiv Final Report 125 MWp Katsina Solar PV Power Plant - ESIA 4.9.7 Economical Uses of Flora Resources 33 of 68 4.10 Wildlife 35 of 68 4.10.1 Fauna Description 35 of 68 4.11 Socio-economic and Health Studies and Consultation 37 of 68 4.11.1 Study Design and Strategy 37 of 70 4.11.2 Target Population and Sample Size 37 of 68 4.11.3 Data Collection 38 of 68 4.11.4 Analytical Techniques 38 of 68 4.11.5 Stakeholder Consultations and Integration in the Study. 38 of 68 4.11.6 Population and Demographic Characteristics of Households 42 of 68 4.11.7 Migration Trends and Patterns 46 of 68 4.11.8 Fertility, Mortality and Life Expectancy 46 of 68 4.11.9 Adult Literacy Rate and Schools Attainment 46 of 68 4.11.10 Socio-Cultural Resources 48 of 68 4.11.11 Settlement Pattern and Housing Characteristics 51 of 68 4.11.12 Natural Resources and the Economy of Kankiya 53 of 68 4.11.13 Health Characteristics 57 of 68 4.11.14 Infrastructural Development 61 of 68 4.11.15 Socio-Economic and Health Sensitivities and Vulnerable Groups 65 of 68 4.11.16 Environmental Baseline Situations in Kankiya 66 of 68 4.11.17Community Perceptions, Concerns and Expectations about the Project 67 of 68 CHAPTER FIVE 1 of 32 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1 of 32 5.1 General 1 of 32 5.2 Impact Assessment Methodology 2 of 32 5.3 Project Phases and Activities 2 of 32 5.4 Impact Identification 3 of 32 5.5 Impact Characterisation 6 of 32 5.6 Impact Screening and Evaluation 10 of 32 5.7 Result of Impact Assessment 13 of 32 5.8 Impact Discussion 19 of 32 5.8.1 Beneficial Impacts 19 of 32 5.8.2 Adverse Impacts 20 of 32 CHAPTER SIX 1 of 12 IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES 1 of 12 6.1 General 1 of 12 6.2 Mitigation Measures 2 of 12 CHAPTER SEVEN 1 of 29 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 of 29 7.1 General 1 of 29 7.2 EMP Objectives and Guiding Principles 1 of 29 7.3 Project Management and Responsibilities 2 of 29 7.4 ESMP Safeguard Guidelines 2 of 29 7.4.1 Training and Awareness Plan 12 of 29 7.4.2 Public Participation/ Involvement Plan 12 of 29 7.4.3 Regulatory Compliance Plan 15 of 29 Table of Contents December 2015 Page iv of xiv Final Report 125 MWp Katsina Solar PV Power Plant - ESIA 7.4.4 Project Design Guidelines 15 of 29 7.4.5 Project Execution Guidelines 15 of 29 7.4.6 Inspection and Maintenance Plan 16 of 29 7.4.7 Risk Assessment and Management 17 of 29 7.4.8 Worker Safety and Health Plan 17 of 29 7.4.9 Pollution Control Guidelines 19 of 29 7.4.10 Emergency Response Plan 20 of 29 7.4.11 Communication Plan 21 of 29 7.4.12 Environmental Monitoring Plan 21 of 29 7.4.13 Waste Management Plan 23 of 29 7.4.14 Security Plan 26 of 29 7.4.15 Consultations 26 of 29 7.4.16 NSF Corporate Social Responsibility 27 of 29 7.4.17 Environmental Audit and Review 28 of 29 7.4.18 Decommissioning and Abandonment 28 of 29 7.5 Cost for ESMP Implementation and Monitoring 28 of 29