Strategic Review of Travel InformationACCESS ID: 375 RESEARCH COMPENDIUM DOCUMENT DETAILS Compendium ID: 1002 Date of Entry: 2007-03-05 Article title: Dynamics and ITS: Behavioral Responses to Information Available from ATIS Article reference details Golledge, R. (2002), Dynamics and ITS: Behavioral Responses to Information Available from ATIS, In: H.S. Mahmassani (Ed.), In Perceptual Motion: Travel Behavior Research Opportunities and Application Challenges, Pergamon, Elsevier Science, pp. 81-126 Web Address: Source project (if applicable): review paper - no specific application Contact name: R. Golledge Affiliation: EMail: Sponsor(s): Country/Region/City: review paper - no specific application RESEARCH AREAS COVERED Awareness Providers Demand, access and use Media Context Evolution Content Research methods Behaviour Other Delivery TRAVEL MODE(S) Car Public transport Walk/cycle INFORMATION USE Mode choice Route choice Itinerary plannin Real-time KEY INFORMATION Objectives: Review on travellers' responses to traveller information provided by ATIS Description/method: This is a review paper, reviewing about 150 references related to behavioural responses to ATIS. Reviews evidences collected from laboratory experiments and field studies. Findings/conclusions: Examine both the demand side and the supply side of travel behaviour modelling; provides a focus on recent work on ITS dynamics: ensuring that 'real' behaviours are considered, rather than hypothetical/rational/optimizing ones, paying more attention to behaviours that take place within a real transport system. Questions the representation of transport systems using travel simulators; while many important attributes are not included. Calls for better understanding of travellers' responses to travel information by implementing knowledge and techniques derived from cognitive psychology, spatial cognition, and geography on the processes of navigating and wayfinding. Strengths/weaknesses: This paper does not provide robust empirical evidences, but opens areas of discussion related to ATIS and travellers' response to travel information. Provides good review and in- depth discussion related to the key question on 'research methods'. Address some of the unanswered questions with respect to the behavioural responses to travel information systems and their effect on changing behaviour. END DOCUMENT DETAILS Compendium ID: 1003 Date of Entry: 2007-03-05 Article title: Violations of Expected Utility Theory in Route-Choice Stated Preferences: The Certainty Effect and Inflating of Small Probabilities. Article reference details Avineri, E. and Prashker, J. N.(2004), Violations of Expected Utility Theory in Route-Choice Stated Preferences: The Certainty Effect and Inflating of Small Probabilities. Transportation Research Record 1894, 222-229. Web Address: Source project (if applicable): Contact name: E. Avineri Affiliation: Centre for Transport & Society, UWE, Bristol EMail: [email protected] Sponsor(s): Country/Region/City: General RESEARCH AREAS COVERED Awareness Providers Demand, access and use Media Context Evolution Content Research methods Behaviour Other Delivery TRAVEL MODE(S) Car Public transport Walk/cycle INFORMATION USE Mode choice Route choice Itinerary plannin Real-time KEY INFORMATION Objectives: Common travel-choice models are based on the maximum utility assumption. However, using expected utility theory in descriptive models of individual choice was criticized by behavioural scientists, and recently also by transport researchers. The aim of this work is to examine whether violations of expected utility theory may be found in travellers' stated- preferences behaviour. Description/method: In this work, route-choice stated-preferences experiment was conducted. A questionnaire, inspired by experiments of cognitive psychologists, presented simple route-choice problems. Findings/conclusions: Evidence was found of two violations of expected utility theory based on a set of stated- preferences route-choice problems. The experimental results may be explained by Prospect Theory, an alternative model of decision-making under risk. Strengths/weaknesses: This paper address some of the unanswered questions with respect to the behavioural responses to travel information systems and their effect on changing behaviour under risk and uncertainty in travel times. This paper highlights the importance of format in the presentation of travel information to travellers; travellers' sensitivity to a reference point plays an important role in understanding responses to travel information, and in the design of effective travel information systems that may influence a change in travellers' behaviour in a more effective way. Although based on a route-choice study, these insights are important in relation to modal shift as well. END DOCUMENT DETAILS Compendium ID: 1004 Date of Entry: 2007-03-05 Article title: The Effect of Reference Point on Stochastic Network Equilibrium Article reference details Avineri, E. (2006), The Effect of Reference Point on Stochastic Network Equilibrium. Transportation Science 40(4), 409-420. Web Address: Source project (if applicable): Contact name: Erel Avineri Affiliation: Centre for Transport & Society, UWE, Bristol EMail: [email protected] Sponsor(s): FBE, UWE Country/Region/City: General RESEARCH AREAS COVERED Awareness Providers Demand, access and use Media Context Evolution Content Research methods Behaviour Other Delivery TRAVEL MODE(S) Car Public transport Walk/cycle INFORMATION USE Mode choice Route choice Itinerary plannin Real-time KEY INFORMATION Objectives: Following studies of human decision making under risk and uncertainty, an extensive evidence of loss aversion and asymmetric risk-taking behaviour around a reference point was found. Prospect theory proposes an alternative framework to the traditional risk-taking modelling in travel behaviour, which might be too simplistic. This paper examines the possibility of applying prospect theory for modelling stochastic network equilibrium, and presents an investigation of the effect of reference point value on such equilibrium. Conceptual and methodological issues that could be addressed by further research in transportation research are suggested. Description/method: The author developed a theoretical model of choice behaviour based on empirical findings and descriptive models developed by cognitive psychologists and travel behaviour researchers. Findings/conclusions: This paper presents a 'soft' approach to influence travel choices based on travellers' sensitivity to a reference point and to the format of travel information. Strengths/weaknesses: This paper address some of the unanswered questions with respect to the behavioural responses to travel information systems and their effect on changing behaviour under risk and uncertainty in travel times. This paper highlights the importance of format in the presentation of travel information to travellers; travellers' sensitivity to a reference point plays an important role in understanding responses to travel information, and in the design of effective travel information systems that may influence a change in travellers' behaviour in a more effective way. The nature of travellers'’ risk-taking behaviour is ultimately an empirical issue. In this respect, our understanding of travellers' responses to travel information using the suggested set of behavioural assumptions is limited. The effect of shared information and social interactions between the network users, which may be captured by a social learning process, is not studied. Although based on a route-choice study, these insights are important in relation to modal shift as well. END DOCUMENT DETAILS Compendium ID: 1005 Date of Entry: 2007-03-05 Article title: The Role of Minority Influence on the Diffusion of Compliance with a Demand Management Measure Article reference details Sunitiyoso, Y., Avineri, E. and Chatterjee, K. (2006), The Role of Minority Influence on the Diffusion of Compliance with a Demand Management Measure. 11th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Kyoto, 16-20, August 2006. Web Address: Source project (if applicable): Contact name: Y. Sunitiyoso Affiliation: Centre for Transport & Society, UWE, Bristol EMail: [email protected] Sponsor(s): Country/Region/City: General RESEARCH AREAS COVERED Awareness Providers Demand, access and use Media Context Evolution Content Research methods Behaviour Other Delivery TRAVEL MODE(S) Car Public transport Walk/cycle INFORMATION USE Mode choice Route choice Itinerary plannin Real-time KEY INFORMATION Objectives: This study aimed to obtain some informed insights about the role of social interaction, social learning, and social influence on travellers’ decision making to comply with a policy measure. Description/method: A multi-agent model which incorporates these social aspects is developed. The social interaction includes consideration of various interaction domains (e.g. neighbourhood, workplaces, or non-work activity clubs) and two sequential processes of interaction: meeting and communicating. In the social learning and influence, an investigation of the role of minority influence on the spread of compliance with a policy measure becomes a primary consideration. Aspect like inertia in decision making is also considered. An explorative behavioural survey has been conducted to obtain initial information regarding mechanisms of social interaction and social learning. Based on the survey, parameters and initial values of variables