Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security AgCLIR Ghana September 2017 Agribusiness Commercial, Legal, and Institutional Reform (AgCLIR) – Ghana CONTENTS List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ i Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Ghana’s Agricultural Enabling Environment ............................................................................................................ 1 Table of Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Country Context: Agriculture in Ghana ............................................................................................................... 10 Starting a Business ...................................................................................................................... 13 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 19 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Obtaining Seed ............................................................................................................................ 22 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 29 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 Obtaining Fertilizer ..................................................................................................................... 33 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 Promoting Mechanization .......................................................................................................... 44 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 49 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 Getting Credit ............................................................................................................................. 52 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 57 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 60 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 62 Paying Taxes ................................................................................................................................ 64 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Prepared by Fintrac Inc. Agribusiness Commercial, Legal, and Institutional Reform (AgCLIR) – Ghana Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 69 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 71 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 72 Accessing Markets and Transport ............................................................................................. 74 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 78 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 83 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................... 86 Trading Across borders .............................................................................................................. 88 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 89 Implementing Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 92 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................... 98 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................ 101 Enforcing Contracts .................................................................................................................. 104 Legal Framework ...................................................................................................................................................... 104 Implementing Institutions ....................................................................................................................................... 108 Supporting Institutions ............................................................................................................................................ 111 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................................................................ 115 Annex I: Recommendations ...................................................................................................... A1 Starting a Business ...................................................................................................................................................... A1 Obtaining Seed ............................................................................................................................................................ A2 Obtaining Fertilizer .................................................................................................................................................... A4 Promoting Mechanization ......................................................................................................................................... A8 Getting Credit ..........................................................................................................................................................