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Permission to use Heritage History documents or images for commercial purposes, or more information about our collection of traditional history resources can be obtained by contacting us at [email protected] Original Copyright 1915 by George Hodges. 2 Distributed by Heritage History 2010 Board. We ask that the day on which the lecture, or the first of PREFACE each series of lectures, shall be delivered shall be a holiday. We wish that the nomination to this Lectureship shall These chapters began as Lowell Lectures in 1908. The be restricted by no other consideration than the ability of the lectures were given without manuscript, and have been appointee to discharge the duty to the highest glory of God in repeated in that form in Cambridge, in Salem, in Springfield, the completest presentation of the subject. in Providence, Rhode Island, and in Brooklyn, New York. The The original sources from which a knowledge of this first, second, third, and fourth were then written out and read period is derived are readily accessible in translation. In The at the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Connecticut, as Ante-Nicene Fathers (8 vols.) the reader will find most of the the Mary H. Page Lectures for 1914. In like manner the sixth, writings of the Early Church under the Pagan Empire, to the seventh, eighth, and ninth were given at Kenyon College, year 325. A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Gambier, Ohio, as the Bedell Lectures for 1913. The tenth was Fathers, in two Series (each of 14 vols.), contains the most given in 1913, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, on the Baldwin important works of Christian writers from 325 till the Foundation. Finally, the lectures, as they now appear, were beginning of the Middle Ages. The first series is given to repeated in 1914 at West Newport, California, at the Summer Augustine and Chrysostom. The second series contains the School conducted by the Commission on Christian Education books of the leaders of Christian thought and life from of the Diocese of Los Angeles. Athanasius to Gregory the Great. The Church History of The following extracts from a communication in 1880 Eusebius, extending to 324, has been translated and edited by to the Trustees of Kenyon College indicate the intentions of Dr. A. C. McGiffert. The continuations of this history by Bishop and Mrs. Bedell, founders of the Bedell Lectureship:— Socrates (324-439), by Sozomon (324-425), and by Rufinus (324-395) are translated into English,—Socrates and Sozomon We have consecrated and set apart for the service of in the Second Series of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. God the sum of five thousand dollars, to be devoted to the Dr. Joseph Cullen Ayer's Source Book for Ancient Church establishment of a lecture or lectures in the Institutions at History contains significant extracts from the writers of this Gambier on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, period, with interpretive comments. The first volume of the or the Relations of Science and Religion. Cambridge Medieval History deals with the fifth century. The lecture or lectures shall be delivered biennally on Professor Gwatkin's Early Church History to 313 and Founders' Day (if such a day shall be established) or other Monsignor Duchesne's Early History of the Church are recent appropriate time. During our lifetime, or the lifetime of either aids to an understanding of these times. of us, the nomination of the lectureship shall rest with us. My friend and colleague, Professor Henry Bradford The interest for two years on the fund, less the sum Washburn, has read these chapters in proof, and I am indebted necessary to pay for the publication, shall be paid to the to him for many helpful suggestions. lecturer. We express our preference that the lecture or lectures GEORGE HODGES shall be delivered in the Church of the Holy Spirit, if such building be in existence; and shall be delivered in the presence EPISCOPAL THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL of all the members of the Institutions under the authority of the CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. Original Copyright 1915 by George Hodges. 3 Distributed by Heritage History 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS IV. THE PENITENCE OF THEODOSIUS ........................................ 69 CHRYSOSTOM .................................................................................. 71 THE ROMAN WORLD ......................................................................... 5 I. THE PAGAN RIVER AND THE CHRISTIAN MOUNTAIN .............. 71 I. THE LAY OF THE LAND .............................................................. 5 II. AT ANTIOCH .......................................................................... 72 II. THE EMPERORS ........................................................................ 7 III. AT CONSTANTINOPLE .......................................................... 76 III. SOCIETY .................................................................................. 8 IV. IN EXILE ................................................................................ 80 IV. RELIGION .............................................................................. 10 MONASTICISM IN THE WEST: ......................................................... 82 THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE ............................................................... 14 I. EAST AND WEST ....................................................................... 82 I. THE TOLERANT STATE PERSECUTES THE CHURCH ................. 14 II. MARTIN .................................................................................. 83 II. LOCAL PERSECUTIONS ........................................................... 18 III. CASSIAN ................................................................................ 86 III. GENERAL PERSECUTIONS ..................................................... 22 IV. JEROME ................................................................................ 88 THE DEFENCE OF THE FAITH .......................................................... 25 AUGUSTINE ...................................................................................... 92 I. AGAINST PREJUDICE ................................................................ 25 I. THE MAKING OF A SAINT: THE CONFESSIONS......................... 92 II. AGAINST HERESY ................................................................... 28 II. THE BISHOP OF HIPPO ........................................................... 96 III. AGAINST RIVALRY ................................................................ 31 APPENDIX ...................................................................................... 101 THE ORGANIZATION OF RELIGION ................................................. 35 I. TABLE OF DATES ................................................................... 101 I. THE ORDER AND FUNCTION OF RELIGION .............................. 35 II. THE PERSECUTIONS ............................................................ 102 II. FORMS OF WORSHIP ............................................................... 40 III. THE ADVANCE OF THE BARBARIANS ............................... 102 IV. HERETICS AND SCHISMATICS ............................................ 103 THE ARIAN DEBATE ........................................................................ 43 V. THE FATHERS FROM IGNATIUS TO AUGUSTINE ................. 104 I. THE CONVERSION OF CONSTANTINE ...................................... 43 HE COUNCIL OF ICAEA II. T N ...................................................... 45 III. THE WARS OF THEOLOGY .................................................... 48 MONASTICISM IN THE EAST: BASIL AND GREGORY ...................... 53 I. THE BEGINNINGS OF MONASTICISM ........................................ 53 II. THE MONKS OF ANNESI ......................................................... 55 III. BASIL, ARCHBISHOP OF