Cause Effect French and Indian War Need to tax for military funds Sugar Act Boycott/ Sons of Liberty Quartering Act­ 1765 Boycott/Sons of Liberty Stamp Act Repealed­ 1766 Stamp Act­1765 Declaratory Act­1766 Townshend Acts­ 1767 Boston Massacre­ 1770 Tea Act­ 1773 Boston Tea Party­ 1773 Boston Tea Party­ 1773 Intolerable Acts­ 1774 Nov 17­9:36 AM Review Questions: 1.) Why were the British concerned about French activity in the Ohio River valley? The British also claimed the Ohio River valley. 2.) What fatal errors did General Edward Braddock make? He tried to fight using tactics that worked in Europe and did not adapt to North American conditions. 3.) What was the outcome of the Battle of Quebec? The British defeated the French, who were no longer able to defend the rest of its North American territory. Nov 17­9:35 AM 1 *1763 ­ Colonists • loyal British subjects • identified with each other more than with Britain • French and Indian War left Britain in debt • British government had to keep troops in North America so France did not try to regain its lost territory and to protect settlers against Native American attacks. Nov 17­10:05 AM The Sugar Act 1764­ Sugar Act passed. It put a duty, or import tax, on several products, including molasses. Nov 17­10:05 AM 2 boycott ­ an organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products ­ of British goods; protests spread to every colony *Smugglers would receive harsh punishments; colonial merchants (who sometimes traded in smuggled goods) protested Nov 17­10:08 AM The Quartering Act • *1765 ­ Quartering Act passed to save money • Britain kept about 10,000 soldiers in colonies • Act required colonists to quarter, or allow soldiers to live in their homes, and provide them with food and other supplies Nov 17­10:05 AM 3 *Colonists protested and complained Parliament was violating their rights Committees of Correspondence • need to keep in closer contact with people in other colonies • Samuel Adams (cousin to John) established the Committee of Correspondence to keep colonists informed of British actions. • They wrote letters and pamphlets to spread the alarm whenever Britain tried to enforce unpopular acts of Parliament. • Committees helped unite colonists against Britain. Nov 17­10:12 AM The Stamp Act *Early 1765 ­ Stamp Act passed by Parliament which required all colonists buy special tax stamps for all kinds of products and activities. Stamps had to be placed on newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, contracts, and other documents. Nov 17­10:11 AM 4 *Colonists protested. *Patrick Henry from House of Burgesses attacked the Stamp Act. *Representatives from nine colonies met in NY for the Stamp Act Congress to write a petition ­ a written request to a government ­ to the king and Parliament demanding an end to both the Sugar and Stamp Acts. *1766 ­ Parliament repealed Stamp Act and passed Declaratory Act at same time. *Declaratory Act stated that Parliament had total authority over the colonies Nov 17­10:12 AM Protests Spread *Britain tried to find ways of taxing the colonists without angering them. Townshend Acts of 1767 would not tax products/activities within the colonies, only those brought into the colonies. *Townshend Acts set up a system to enforce the new import duties *Customs officers were allowed to search for illegal goods by using writs of assistance ­ court orders that allowed officials to make searches without saying for what they were searching. *Colonists saw this as another violation of their rights. *Charles Townshend, official in charge of the British treasury, also wanted to weaken the colonial assemblies. Nov 17­10:13 AM 5 The Boston Massacre *Boycott was successful because it hurt British merchants and manufacturers who then put pressure on Parliament. *March 5, 1770 ­ Parliament repealed all the Townshend duties except the tax on tea. This tax was left to demonstrate Parliament’s right to tax the colonists *March 5, 1770 ­­ Boston “Massacre” occurred: In Boston, an angry crowd of workers and sailors surrounded a small group of British soldiers. They shouted at the soldiers and threw snowballs and rocks at them. The frightened soldiers fired into the crowd, killing five people and wounding six. *Governor Thomas Hutchinson had the nine soldiers arrested and tried for murder. *John Adams (well­known MA lawyer and future 2nd President of US) defended them. Although he was a leading defender of colonial rights against recent British policies, he took the case because he believed that everyone accused of a crime had the right to a lawyer and a fair trial. *Two soldiers were convicted of the crime and had their thumbs branded. Nov 17­10:25 AM A Dispute Over Tea *Early 1770s ­ protests against British had quieted down (although colonists were still not satisfied with the British government) *Most of Townshend Acts had been repealed except for tax on tea The Tea Act 1773 ­ Parliament passed Tea Act to help British East India Company. The company had made money growing tea in India and selling it in Britain and the colonies. The boycott of tea hurt the company. *Tea Act lowered price of tea by allowing the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies (prior to the tea act, tea had to be shipped to Britain first) *Although tea price was lower, colonists were still angry because tea act gave the East India Company a monopoly ­ total control of a market for a certain product ­ on selling British tea in the colonies *Colonial merchants were selling smuggled Dutch tea. The monopoly hurt them because they could not compete with lower­priced East India Company tea. Nov 17­10:29 AM 6 The Boston Tea Party *Sons of Liberty gathered in port cities to stop the East India Company from being unloaded. *They threatened the captains of the ships against unloading the tea and any merchants who would buy it. Some attempts were successful. *Boston Governor Thomas Hutchinson decided to make sure tea was unloaded (refused to give them papers that would allow them to return to England). Boston tea ships had orders to be unloaded. *Dec. 16, 1773, group of men dressed as Native Americans boarded the ship and threw 342 cases of tea into harbor. Nov 17­10:34 AM The Intolerable Acts *Boston Tea Party angered British government. King George III wanted tough consequences to make examples of people in Boston and MA. *Parliament passed four laws called “Intolerable Acts” because they were so harsh. ~port of Boston was closed ~increased powers of royal governor, abolished parts of MA legislature, and cut powers of town meetings (anyone accused of murdering British official could be tried in Britain) ~strengthened Quartering Act *Parliament passed the Quebec Act which set up government for territory taken from France in 1763. Act claimed land between Ohio and Missouri Rivers as part of Canada. *Quebec’s new boundaries took away western lands claimed by several colonies and blocked colonists from moving west. *Colonists helped people of Boston by sending food and supplies. *Committees of Correspondence met to decide what to do next. This meeting was the First Continental Congress and occurred in Philadelphia in Sept. and Oct. in 1774. *Only Georgia did not send delegates to First Continental Congress (governor would not allow delegates) *Attendees included John Adams and Samuel Adams (MA), John Jay (NY), George Washington and Patrick Henry (VA)’ *1st Continental Congress demanded repeal of the Intolerable Acts and declared colonies had right to tax and govern themselves. It also called for the training of militias to stand up to British troops if necessary. It wanted a new boycott of British goods and voted to meet in May 1775 if demands were not met. Nov 17­10:34 AM 7.