DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN. [DoWR] ****************************************** 1. Introduction The state Odisha is ranked as the 5th most flood prone state of the country after UP, Bihar, Assam and West Bengal with a flood prone area of 33400 km2. The south-west monsoon brings rains to the state from June to September every year. The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1500 mm and more than 80% of it occurs during monsoon period only. The coastal districts of the state are more vulnerable to frequent low pressure, cyclonic storms, depression and deep depression. The state has five major river basins namely Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha and Rushikulya which cause high floods in their respective deltas. The rivers like Vamshadhara and Burhabalang also cause flash floods due to instant runoff from their hilly catchment. It is a fact that the three major river system Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani forms a single delta during high flood and in most of the cases the flood water of these three systems blend together causing considerable flood havoc. Besides the state has 476.40 kms of coastline on the west of Bay of Bengal. The flood problem becomes more severe when the flood synchronies with high tides causing slow recede of flood. The silt deposited constantly by the waves in the delta area raises the flood level and the rivers often overflow their banks. The flood problem in the state generally aggravated due to some or all of the reasons as below: - Erratic monsoon, heavy monsoon rainfall accompanied by low pressures, depressions, deep depressions and cyclones. - Dam releases due to heavy inflows, thus causing massive outflows in the river. - Inadequate channel carrying capacity. - Low rate of discharge of floodwater into the sea due to congestion of river mouths. - Tidal surge during the flood thereby heading up of floodwater. This may occur during monsoon or non-monsoon. t - Changing land use conditions leading to the erosion of soils, thus reducing the channel carrying and reservoir capacity. - Due to continuous deposit of sand in river beds which ultimately reduces the carrying capacity of river. - Thick clay layer mostly over deltaic area (paddy grown area) which form an impervious bed. - Free flow flood plains are gradually being closed due to public utility/demand causing excess floodwater in the rivers, which ultimately threats to the capital embankments. Some of the major floods that occurred in recent past are shown in Table 1. Table1. Few major floods of Odisha basins Sl. Year River Month of Area affected No. occurrence in Lakh hectare 1 1980 Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani & Vamsadhara September 3.19 2 1982 Mahanadi, Rushikulya August- 12.00 September 3 2001 Mahanadi, Brahmani,Baitarani, Subarnarekha, July - 7.99 Burhabalang, Vamsadhara, Rushikulya & August Indravati 4 2003 Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani Subarnarekha, July- 5.03 Burhabalang, Vamsadhara, Rushikulya & October Indravati 5 2006 Baitarani, Mahanadi, Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, July - 3.04 Burhabalang & Indravati August 6 2008 Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani September 7 2011 Mahanadi September Source: Flood Management Manual (2008) DOWR up to Sl. No. 5 Considering the annual flood havocs, the basin wise vulnerable points have been identified and necessary precautionary measures have been taken. A list of vulnerable points as assessed during 2013 has given along with the map of the basin (Table 2). t Table 2: List of vulnerable locations of all the basins Sl. No Location Irrigation Division Name of The River 1 Rathapurusottampur Puri Irr.Divn Bhargavi right 2 Sunapada Puri Irr.Divn Bhargavi right 3 Kantisal Prachi Irr.Divn Devi right 4 Tainsal Prachi Irr.Divn Kandal left 5 Bauriakana Nimapara Irr.Divn. Devi right 6 Asan Nimapara Irr.Divn. Devi right 7 Dighala Kudhasahi Nimapara Irr.Divn. Kushabhadra left 8 Gauligaon Aul Embankment Divn. Baitarani right near Gualigaon Gobindpur,Hadua,Madhuban 9 Maharakul Aul Embankment Divn. TRE on Kharasuan right Garadpur Iswarpur OAE on 10 Jharamal Aul Embankment Divn. 'Brahmani Left' Keradagada Alatanga S/E on 11 Bhatapada Aul Embankment Divn. Hansua right Keradagada Alatanga S/E on 12 Gopalpur Aul Embankment Divn. Hansua right Keradagada Alatanga S/E on 13 Jagannathpur Aul Embankment Divn. Hansua right Keradagada Alatanga S/E on 14 Barkot Aul Embankment Divn. Hansua right Keradagada Alatanga S/E on 15 Koilipur Aul Embankment Divn. Hansua right Rajnagar Gopalpur S/E on Sea 16 Pentha Aul Embankment Divn. facing 17 Banaghat Mahanadi North Divn. Birupa left 18 Ganeshghat Mahanadi North Divn. Birupa left 19 Mula Basanta Mahanadi North Divn. Birupa left 20 Balipadia Mahanadi North Divn. Birupa left 21 Mandia Gherry Mahanadi North Divn. Chitrotpalla left 22 Orisha Mahanadi North Divn. Chitrotpalla left 23 Narasinghpur Mahanadi North Divn. Chitrotpalla left 24 Akhua Mahanadi North Divn. Chitrotpalla left Mahanadi left (Kodakana 25 Khurusia Kendrapara Irr. Divn. gherry at RD1.40Km) 26 Danpur to Kalapada Kendrapara Irr. Divn. Luna left 27 Musadiha Mahanadi South Divn. Mahanadi right 28 Itatikiri Mahanadi South Divn. C.E.No.62 B on Mahanadi right 29 Kula Samantrapur Mahanadi South Divn. Paika left (Sherapur OAE) 30 Sherapur Jarka Irr. Divn. Brahmani left (Sherapur OAE) 31 Saranga Sahi Jarka Irr. Divn. Tantighai right (Bhanra TRE) Kelua (Rahapada Mohanpur 32 Radhadharpur Jarka Irr. Divn. TRE) Kochila mouth near Kochila mouth on Baitarani left 33 Daspur Jajpur Irr. Divn. embankment 34 Mohammadpur Jajpur Irr. Divn. Kharsuan right 35 Tala Astar Jajpur Irr. Divn. Baitarani left 36 Balarampur Jajpur Irr. Divn. Baitarani right t 37 Dasandhikula Jajpur Irr. Divn. Baitarani left 38 Mugupur Baitarani Divn. Baitarani left embankment 39 Govindpur Baitarani Divn. Baitarani left embankment 40 Mankidia Balasore Irr. Divn. Subarnarekha right At RD 2.85 to 2.93Km 41 near village Kuli Salandi Canal Divn. Baitarani left Hindula to 42 Munisipentha Berhampur Irr. Divn. Rushikulya right 43 Allipur Bhanjanagar Irr. Divn. Badanadi left 44 Kinigaon Chikiti Irr.Divn. Vamsadhara left Gudari Near PWD rest 45 Shed Chikiti Irr.Divn. Vamsadhara left Fig 1. Map of identified vulnerable location for 2013 After commissioning of Hirakud dam during 1958 flood miseries in Mahanadi system have been reduced considerably. However still it continues either due to dam releases from Hirakud reservoir or due to flow contributions from intercepted catchments of over 50,000 sq. km. Down below Hirakud dam project and upto delta. In Mahanadi system, mostly the rivers Kathjori, Devi, Kuakhai, Kushabhadra, Daya, Bhargabi, Birupa, Chitroptala, Paika drains most of the floodwater in to the sea. Due to excess of water than carrying capacity, t major breaches occurred on these rivers and almost inundate the deltaic area. The flood damage statistics of past five major floods are as given in the Table 3. Table 3 Flood damage statistics Flood damage due to 1982 2001 2006 2008 2011 Peak flood at Mundali (Lakh cusecs) 15.84 14.09 12.83 15.81 13.67 Breaches (Nos.) 379 120 78 Damages (Rs. Crores) 559 429 745 The most recent floods in the state occurred during Sept.’ 2008 and 2011. While, the flood 2008 in Mahanadi basin was due to lower catchment contribution, the flood of 2011 was due to that from the heavy rainfall in the upstream. The inundation map of 14 Sept. 2011 (Fig. 2) is as shown below. All the coastal districts are affected during these floods. Agricultural fields, roads and railway networks are completely disrupted along with lives of human and domestic animals are jeopardized. Fig 2 Flood inundation map of 14 Sep. 2011 t It has been observed over the years, that the rainfall pattern as well as the rainfall distribution in the state has been changed resulting more deviations from the normal rainfall (Fig.3 for 2010). The usual 120 days monsoon rain has gradually has shrunk to 60-70 days, with the annual average still over 1400mm resulting unusual spikes in short term rainfall. The torrential rainfall spells of over 200-250mm in a day are more frequent during monsoon. DISTRICT RAINFALL’2010 , JUNE to SEPTEMBER(Deviations). Deviation in Rainfall (Jun'10) D ev iatio n in R a in fa ll ( Au g '1 0) 100 6 0 83 4 5 80 4 0 3 2 60 19 47 17 2 0 40 6 6 ) 5 ) m 20 m 0 m 20 14 m ( 13 ( l 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 25 26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 l 6 l -4 l a f a -9 f n 0 i -2 0 -1 4 -13 n a -16 : I I I I i J L A L L A A E T A K K R A H H H H R H R R R H R R M T D R I R A E N A -2 -2 0 I A R U R D R U D C a U D R R D R U U U R R U A A -2 2 N G U T A A N J -23 M A G P R A G P A A A R A O U P P P A A P U -6 P A P A N -25 H P J A A P A T R L N S U G G -2 6 N D E G G U G G A G G H O T H A -11 -2 8 B A A K -11 A T J A A H A A R A A N N A N R R H B R U O G L J S -20 A -3 0 -3 0 R L A N B R K U Y G -3 1 D W O H A Y A A A K A S O E L N -3 2 O L A E I U G A D A K B C M A -34 N B S R H A D R D -20 B -4 0 A B S Y H J A R A N N N A K A -23 -23 N -38 T -3 8 A M S -25D -24 K N E -26 -25 H U W A -27 K M J -4 1 O -29 S -29 A -31 -31 G E -45 N -34 A -40 K J -4 9 -41 -5 2 -6 0 -47 -48 -48 -5 8 -60 -59 -60 -6 6 -63 -68 -8 0 -80 D is t r ic t District D e v ia tio n in R a in fa ll (J u l'1 0 ) Deviation in Rainfall (Sep'10) 80 64 120 60 99 100 79 40 80 32 23 25 ) 60 20 ) m 20 m m 12 11 38 ( m 34 l 40 ( l 27 l a 3 f 0 l 23 n a i 0 f a 20 n i R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3 3 -4 -3 -3 a 1 -7 -7 -10 -8 R 0 -12 -20 1 2 3 4 5 -62 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1-28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 -19 -7 -6 -5 -6 -12 -20 -15 -15 -15 -14 -15 -28 -28 -18 -17 -29 -29 -30 -22 -31 -32 -25 -29 -40 -36 -35 -40 -39 -38 -37 -40 -39 -38 -45 -49 -60 -52 -60 District D is tric t 27 Data Source : IMD, Bhubaneswar.