Introduction to Biology. Lecture 23 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University March 24, 2017 Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 1 / 15 Outline 1 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 2 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 3 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Where we are? Basic organ systems of animals are responsible for locomotion and support; feeding, excretion and osmoregulation; circulation and gas exchange; signaling and reception; reproduction. Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 4 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Three subkingdoms Spongia: asymmetric filtrators Cnidaria: radial stinging predators Bilateria: bilateral Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 5 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Ten phyla Spongia Porifera Cnidaria Anthozoa: sitting, colonial, with skeleton Medusozoa: swimming, [solitary], soft Bilateria Mollusca: shell, body straight Annelida: segmented worms Lophophorata: [shell], body curved Nemathelminthes: worms with cuticle and primary cavity Arthropoda: segmented body and appendages Echinodermata: small-plate exoskeleton, secondary radial, water-vascular Chordata: head and tail, gills in pharynx, axial skeleton Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 6 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Ten phyla = ten body plans Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 7 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Chordate body plan dorsal spinal cord axial skeleton head tail gills in pharynx Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 8 / 15 Animals Animal phyla and their phylogeny Phylogeny of nine phyla Chordata Echinodermata Arthropoda Nemathelminthes Lophophorata Annelida Mollusca Medusozoa Anthozoa Porifera Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 9 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 10 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Eight classes of Chordata Acrania: Class 1. Leptocardii: lancelet with no eyes and jaws Vertebrata: Pisces: Class 2. Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous Class 3. Actinopterygii: boned, rayed fins, [gills] Class 4. Dipnoi: boned, thick, leg-like fins, [gills and lungs] Tetrapoda: Class 5. Amphibia: metamorphosis *Amniota: Class 6. Reptilia Class 7. Aves: feathers, bipedal Class 8. Mammalia Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 11 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Phylogeny of eight classes Mammalia Aves Reptilia Amphibia Dipnoi Actinopterygii Chondrichthyes Leptocardii Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 12 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Optional homework: in preparation for the 3rd test, fill this table: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Porifera Anthozoa Medusozoa Annelida Lophophorata Mollusca Nemathelminthes Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Characters: 1 ...; 2 ... Characters should not be necessary relevant to all members of phylum! Make the same table for 8 chordate classes Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 13 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny Summary Classes of vertebrates differ mostly in overall optimization of their body functions and in adaptations to the specific environment Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 14 / 15 Animals Classes of chordates and their phylogeny For Further Reading Animal phyla. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylum#Animal_phyla Vertebrates. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate Fishes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 24, 2017 15 / 15.