LATE HELLENISTIC TO MEDIAEVAL FINE WARES OF THE AEGEAN COAST OF ANATOLIA PRACE INSTYTUTU KULTUR ŚRÓDZIEMNOMORSKICH I ORIENTALNYCH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK TOM 1 CERAMIKA STOŁOWA EGEJSKIEGO WYBRZEŻA ANATOLII OD OKRESU PÓŹNOHELLENISTYCZNEGO DO ŚREDNIOWIECZA PRODUKCJA, NAŚLADOWNICTWA I ZASTOSOWANIE pod redakcją HENRYKA MEYZA przy współpracy KRZYSZTOFA DOMŻALSKIEGO WYDAWNICTWO NERITON Warszawa 2014 TRAVAUX DE L’INSTITUT DES CULTURES MÉDITERRANÉENNES ET ORIENTALES DE L’ACADÉMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCES TOME 1 LATE HELLENISTIC TO MEDIAEVAL FINE WARES OF THE AEGEAN COAST OF ANATOLIA THEIR PRODUCTION, IMITATION AND USE édité par HENRYK MEYZA avec la collaboration de KRZYSZTOF DOMŻALSKI ÉDITIONS NERITON Varsovie 2014 Contents Introduction . 7 PART I: Production at Pergamon and its region Sigillata of Pergamon – Eastern Sigillata C. Problems of classifi cation and chronology – by S. Japp, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Berlin . 11 La production des ateliers de céramique de Pergame (Vallée de Ketios) : un aperçu général – by O. Bounegru, Catedra de Istorie Veche şi Arheologie Facultatea de Istorie. Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi . 23 Statistical interpretation of elemental concentration data and the origin of Pergamene pottery – by H. Mommsen, Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universität Bonn & S. Japp, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Berlin . 31 A Pergamene (?) modiolus in the National Museum of Denmark – by J. Lund, Antiksamlingen, Nationalmuseet, København . 41 PART II: Other production sites of western Anatolia Ephesus – local vs import: Th e Early Byzantine fi ne ware – by A. Waldner, Institut für Kulturgeschichte der Antike, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaft en & S. Ladstätter, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, Wien . 49 Microstructural characteristics of appliqué wares from Ephesus – by L. Peloschek, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, Wien & A. Laetzer-Lasar, Internationales Kolleg Morphomata, Universität zu Köln . 59 Aspects of fi ne ware consumption in Aeolic Kyme (I-VI AD) – by V. Di Giovanni, Missione Archeologica Italiana a Kyme Eolica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II . 71 From Hellenistic to Roman Imperial in Pisidian tableware: the genesis of Sagalassos Red Slip Ware – by M. Van der Enden, University of Leicester, J. Poblome, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven & Ph. Bes, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven . 81 Zur Neuentdeckung eines Töpfereizentrums der Cypriot Red Slip Ware/Late Roman D Ware im südlichen Pisidien – by M. Zelle, Lippisches Landesmuseum, Detmold . 95 Long-term pottery production and chemical reference groups: examples from Medieval Western Turkey – by S.Y. Waksman, Laboratoire de Archéométrie et Archéologie, CNRS UMR 5138, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon . 107 6 Contents PART III: Consumption and distribution Hellenistic Pergamene tableware in the northern Black Sea region – by D. Zhuravlev, Gosudarstvennyj Istoričeskij Muzej, Moskva . 129 Th e Pitane workshop and the most successful export of Eastern Sigillata C – by K. Domżalski, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa . 151 Eastern sigillatas (ESA, „Pergamene“ and others) in the Delos houses : proportions and uses – by A. Peignard-Giros, HiSoMA (Histoire et Sources des Mondes Antiques), CNRS UMR 5189, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon . 161 So-called Pergamenian Sigillata from Delos: post-analysis review of evidence – by H. Meyza, Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa . 171 Late Roman Light Coloured Ware from Parion – by H.E. Ergürer, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, Karaman . 175 LRC (Phocaean) ware pottery in the urban context of Hippos – Susita – by J. Młynarczyk, Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa . 193 REFERENCES . 201 INDEX . 217 Long-term pottery production and chemical reference groups: examples from Medieval Western Turkey* Sylvie Yona Waksman Although research on archaeological sites in issue of the diachronic use of chemical reference Western Asia Minor has mainly focused on the groups. In many cases, local references lack, so Greco-Roman periods, the later, Medieval and that archaeological scientists may be tempted to post-Medieval, contexts gradually tend to be both use those - if any - which would be available for better documented in the archaeological record a given site, even if they do not correspond to and better studied for its pottery.1 In parallel, the the pottery types under study. development of archaeometric research has pro- Th is paper considers chemical groups for dif- vided tools for more comprehensive approaches ferent periods (Hellenistic to early Turkish) and to production and diff usion of ceramics of these diff erent categories of wares (table, common, periods. A network of chemical reference data, cooking wares) in two case studies, Pergamon based on the study of archaeologically attested and Ephesos. It builds upon previous work,4 tak- workshops, has gradually been built for these pro- ing into account more recent analyses carried out ductions at the “Laboratoire de Céramologie” in in Lyon5 and in Berlin.6 Lyon (Pergamon, Ephesos, Nicea/Iznik, Anaia/ Kadıkalesi, Çanakkale, etc.:).2 In some of these sites, such as Pergamon and Ephesos, pottery Sampling for Medieval manufacture is known in earlier periods as well and post-Medieval reference groups 3 and was investigated in several laboratories, giv- and comparative material ing the opportunity to examine pottery analy- sis in a long-term perspective and to raise the Th e sampling considered includes sherds com- ing from Pergamon and Ephesos. Th e defi nition * We would like to thank the Pergamon and Ephesos of chemical reference groups for Medieval and teams for their kind collaboration, especially S. Japp, F. Pir- post-Medieval local production was based on the son, U. Mania, J. Vroom, S. Ladstätter, N. Math. Th is research analysis of samples the local status of which is was partly completed within the framework of the French-Pol- well attested, selected among pottery wasters and ish PICS program directed by A. Peignard-Giros (University clayey kiln furniture. Th e latter mainly consisted Lyon 2, HiSoMA, Lyon) and H. Meyza (Center of Mediter- ranean Archaeology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw). of tripod stilts, used to stack glazed ceramics in We are grateful to them, to our PICS colleague K. Domzal- the kilns. ski, and to the CNRS (French National Center for Scientifi c Research) for funding. Many thanks are due to the staff of Pergamon (Figs. 1-2, Table 1) the “Laboratoire de Céramologie” in Lyon, especially to J. Burlot. In Pergamon, evidence of pottery production 1 e.g. Böhlendorf-Arslan 2004; Spätantike und mit- telalterliche; Mania 2006, 475-501; Doğer 20132; Byzantine is present in several parts of the city, especially craft smen; Türbe. in the Ketios valley, where Hellenistic / Roman 2 Waksman & François 2004-2005, 629-724; Sauer & Waksman 2005, 51-66; Waksman & von Wartburg 2006, 369-88; Waksman 2013, 101-11; Waksman forth coming. 4 Waksman 1995; Zabehlicky-Scheff enegger et al. 1996, 3 e.g. Jones 1986; Hughes et al. 1988, 461-85; Zabeh- 41-59; Waksman et al. 1996, 209-18; Waksman & Spieser licky-Scheff enegger et al. 1996, 41-59; Schneider 2000, 525- 1997, 105-33; Zabehlicky-Scheff enegger & Schneider 2000, 36; Akurgal et al. 2002; Schneider & Japp 2009, 287-306; 105-12; Sauer & Waksman 2005, 51-66. Mommsen & Japp 2009, 269-86; Okyar et al. 2011, 5 this paper; Waksman forthcoming. 155-78. 6 Schneider & Japp 2009, 287-306. 108 Sylvie Yona Waksman a b c d e f g h Figure 1: Examples of ceramics analyzed from Pergamon, local references and fi nished products shown to be local; chemical group B (Byzantine quarters): a-d; chemical group A (Red Hall): e-h (samples numbers given from left to right; pictures S.Y. Waksman); a) biscuit fi red wasters (BZY410-411); b) various types of local wares, aft er Waksman 1995; c-d) “Zeuxippus related ware”, with reverse typical for this region of Western Turkey (BZY415); e-f) tripod stilt (BZY446) and tripod stilts mould (BZY453); g) biscuit fi red waster of “Miletus Ware” (BZY443); h) BZY417. Long-term pottery production and chemical reference groups 109 Figure 2: Examples of ceramics analyzed from Pergamon, belonging to local group B (top) and A (bottom) (scale 1/3, S.Y. Waksman, Pergamon team, J. Burlot). workshops were found;7 in late Byzantine living Reference groups for Medieval productions quarters on the slopes of the antique city, where had previously been defi ned by PIXE and INAA fainter but clear evidence is present;8 in the lower in Strasbourg.10 However, although previous city, where the Red Hall may have been partly results were taken into account, new Medieval reoccupied by an early Turkish pottery workshop reference groups were constituted in order to dated back to the 14th century.9 avoid limitations in statistical treatments.11 Th ey were also extended to early Turkish productions. 7 Bounegru this volume; Japp 2009, 193-268, for a review of earlier bibliography. 8 cf. supra; Rheidt 1991; Waksman 1995; Spieser 1996; 10 Waksman 1995; Waksman et al. 1996, 209-18; Waks- Böhlendorf Arslan 2004; Japp 2010, 862-75. man & Spieser 1997, 105-33. 9 Mania 2006, 475-501. 11 Waksman 2006, 563-8. 110 Sylvie Yona Waksman References samples were selected as follows: in several locations in the surroundings of the – from the Byzantine living quarters: tripod Artemision in Selçuk, a few kilometers