THE REALIZATION OF THEMATIC ROLES IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S RUMAH KACA AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION FORM HOUSE OF GLASS A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Program in English Language Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora (M. Hum) in English Language Studies by Nilam Maharani 036332015 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all the ideas, phrases, and sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, sentences of the thesis writer. The writer understands the full consequences including degree cancellation if he/she takes somebody else’s idea, phrase, or sentence without a proper reference. Yogyakarta, June, 21, 2007 Nilam Maharani ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this thesis has made possible by the support of some incredible people: I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A., my thesis advisor for his counsels. I am deeply indebted to De. Baskara Tulus Wardaya, S.J., the Director of PUSdEP and The Graduate Program Director, for his insightful counsels not only throughout the writing of my thesis, but also during my study in Yogyakarta. My heartiest thanks are also due to Tri Subagya, M.A., for his insightful comments, explanation, and guidance, particularly with respect to the methodological aspects of my thesis which makes me know better what a good research is. I am obliged to thank Aryanto, M.A., for his lectures on Semantics, and Dr. Haryatmoko, S.J., for letting me know what the real meaning of education is. My sincere thanks are extended to my soul mate Antonius Dwi Aryanto for giving prayers and timeless patience, my true friend Nandy Intan Kurnia, and also M2M of PUSdEP (onoca and Mita) who always be there for sweeping away my burdens. Last but not east, my beloved ibu Sri Saryuni and my father Miyono, my dearest sisters Shinta Nayumi and Fairin Linggar Widhiana, my little brother Alfin Aulia Tama, my niece Stephnie, deserve my gratitude. Their love, patience, and encouragement, despite of my hardest time away from home, have been fundamental moral support that has brought me to the accomplishment of my study. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OF TITLE .......................................................................................... i PAGE OF APPROVAL ................................................................................ ii PAGE OF DEFENSE APPROVAL ............................................................ iii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... xi TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS ....................................................... xii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Limitation ................................................................................... 7 1.3 Problem Formulation ................................................................................. 10 1.4 Research Goals .......................................................................................... 10 1.5 Benefits of the Study ................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ............................................ 12 2.1 Thematic Role Theory ............................................................................. 12 2.2 Theory of Sentence Structure..................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Definition of Sentence ............................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Sentence Types ...................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Element of Clause Structure .................................................................. 34 2.3 Theory of Translation ............................................................................. 43 2.3.1 Nida and Taber: Formal Correspondence and Dynamic Equivalence ............................................................................ 45 2.3.2 Catford and The Introduction of the Translation Shifts……………….. 47 2.3.3 Baker’s Approach to the Translation Equivalence.................................. 48 2.4 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 49 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOLOGY ........................................ 53 3.1 Research Data ............................................................................................ 53 3.2 Data Collection .......................................................................................... 54 3.3 Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 56 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 63 4.1 The Realization of the Thematic Roles in the Indonesian Data................. 63 4.1.1 The Realization of the Agent Role in Indonesian .................................. 64 4.1.2 The Realization of the Author Role in Indonesian ................................. 66 4.1.3 The Realization of the Instrument Role in Indonesian............................ 68 4.1.4 The Realization of the Patient Role in Indonesian.................................. 72 4.1.5 The Realization of the Experiencer Role in Indonesian.......................... 75 4.1.6 The Realization of the Benefactive Role in Indonesian.......................... 78 4.1.7 The Realization of the Theme Role in Indonesian.................................. 82 4.1.8 The Realization of the Source Role in Indonesian.................................. 87 4.1.9 The Realization of the Goal Role in Indonesian ..................................... 89 4.1.10 The Realization of the Locative Role in Indonesian............................. 91 4.1.11 The Realization of the Reason Role in Indonesian ............................... 94 4.1.12 The Realization of the Purpose Role in Indonesian.............................. 95 4.1.13 The Realization of the Time Role in Indonesian .................................. 97 4.1.14 The Realization of the Manner Role in Indonesian .............................. 98 4.2 The Realization of the Thematic Roles in the English Translated Form ... 101 4.2.1 The Realization of the Agent Role in English ........................................ 101 4.2.2 The Realization of the Author Role in English....................................... 103 4.2.3 The Realization of the Instrument Role in English ................................ 106 4.2.4 The Realization of the Patient Role in English ....................................... 107 4.2.5 The Realization of the Experiencer Role in English............................... 110 4.2.6 The Realization of the Benefactive Role in English ............................... 113 4.2.7 The Realization of the Theme Role in English ....................................... 115 4.2.8 The Realization of the Source Role in English ....................................... 119 4.2.9 The Realization of the Goal Role in English .......................................... 121 4.2.10 The Realization of the Locative Role in English .................................. 124 4.2.11 The Realization of the Reason Role in English .................................... 126 4.2.12 The Realization of the Purpose Role in English ................................... 127 4.2.13 The Realization of the Time Role in English........................................ 128 4.2.14 The Realization of the Manner Role in English.................................... 129 4.3 The Thematic Role Shifts .......................................................................... 133 4.3.1 The Thematic Role Shift of the Agent Role............................................ 135 4.3.2 The Thematic Role Shift of the Author Role.......................................... 136 4.3.3 The Thematic Role Shift of the Instrument Role.................................... 137 4.3.4 The Thematic Role Shift of the Patient Role .......................................... 140 4.3.5 The Thematic Role Shift of the Experiencer Role.................................. 145 4.3.6 The Thematic Role Shift of the Benefactive Role .................................. 148 4.3.7 The Thematic Role Shift of the Theme Role .......................................... 150 4.3.8 The Thematic Role Shift of the Goal Role ............................................. 156 4.3.9 The Thematic Role Shift of the Locative Role ...................................... 157 4.3.10 The Thematic Role Shift of the Purpose Role ...................................... 159 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 165 5.1 The Realization