8.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE 8.1 Introduction Scope and purpose of this chapter 8.1.1 This chapter presents an assessment of potential impacts on the setting of heritage assets in the vicinity of the development at Longhedge. The setting of a heritage asset can contribute to its significance so change in that setting may affect the significance of the asset. 8.1.2 The approach to assessment of setting effects adopted for this study follows the advice provided in Section 4 of English Heritage’s guidance on The Setting of Heritage Assets (2011). English Heritage promotes a five-step assessment process of which the first four steps are relevant to the present study. This assessment therefore proceeds in the following four stages: Identification of heritage assets and their settings are likely to be affected by the development; Analysis of the contribution made by setting to the heritage significance of these selected assets; Assessment of the impact of the development on the heritage significance of these assets based on an understanding of the predicted change in their settings; Identification of ways to minimise harm and, where possible, enhance significance 8.1.3 Harm to the significance of a heritage asset due to change in its setting can only be mitigated through modifications to the design of a development and any enhancement will similarly be the result of deliberate design. As a result Catesby Land Limited Environmental Statement – May 2013 Land at Longhedge, Salisbury 1 Chapter 8 Option A Site (49.27ha) all of the mitigation proposed here is embedded in the design of the development. 8.1.4 This chapter is one of two complementary heritage studies being carried out for the Site which, together, will provide a complete appraisal of the heritage resource. Wessex Archaeology has undertaken an archaeological assessment which deals with the below-ground archaeological resource within the Site and this is presented as Chapter 7. 8.1.5 This chapter has been prepared by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd on behalf of Catesby Land Limited. Consultation 8.1.6 This assessment has been the subject of consultation with Wiltshire County Council and English Heritage. 8.1.7 Pre-scoping discussions were held with both the Council and English Heritage including joint meetings in Salisbury on 27th June 2012 and 8th January 2013 when all parties had the opportunity to share their understanding of the cultural heritage issues raised by the Longhedge site. 8.1.8 A report containing the applicant’s initial appraisal of the setting of heritage assets around the Longhedge site was issued to the Council and English Heritage in advance of the meeting on 8th January 2013. The findings of this report then formed the basis for proposals in the Scoping Report for a cultural heritage assessment, submitted to Wiltshire County Council in February 2013. 8.1.9 A Scoping Opinion was provided by Wiltshire County Council on 12th April 2013. This accepted the scope of works and methods proposed by the Catesby Land Limited Environmental Statement – May 2013 Land at Longhedge, Salisbury 2 Chapter 8 Option A Site (49.27ha) applicant and noted that: “ the assessments should cover the potential impact of the scheme on the heritage assets around the site, including the setting of and the visual impact of the scheme in respect of the Old Sarum Ancient Monument, but also the Old Sarum Airfield Conservation Area”. 8.1.10 The final comment regarding the Old Sarum Airfield Conservation Area reflects advice from English Heritage in a scoping response to the Council, dated 15th March 2013 (e-mail to Development Management South from David Stuart). 8.1.11 In this response, English Heritage confirmed that it had engaged in pre- application discussions with the applicant and the Council during which it had highlighted relevant heritage issues and identified mechanisms for ensuring that they were appropriately accommodated. English Heritage was pleased to note that the Scoping Report reflected those points. 8.1.12 English Heritage also noted that it was pleased to see reference to its guidance on the setting of heritage assets and supported its application. It also promoted consideration of the guidance on views (Seeing the History in the View) given the particular relationship of the site to Old Sarum. 8.1.13 Consideration has been given to the use of the approach proposed in Seeing the History in the View. However, it was felt that although many different views were relevant to the appreciation of heritage assets, Old Sarum in particular, there were no examples of “specific views that have been recognised as being important” (STHITV page 5) that would be affected by the development at Longhedge. As a result, it was concluded that the Catesby Land Limited Environmental Statement – May 2013 Land at Longhedge, Salisbury 3 Chapter 8 Option A Site (49.27ha) guidance would not be relevant in this case. 8.1.14 With regard to specific assets that may be susceptible to setting impacts, English Heritage suggested that Old Sarum Airfield should be added to the list provided in the Scoping Report both as a Conservation Area and for its constituent Listed Buildings. 8.1.15 These assets have been considered as part of the assessment. 8.1.16 Finally, English Heritage noted that the EIA covers Landscape and Visual Impact. It highlighted the role of landscape character in defining the setting of heritage assets and expressed a wish to see this fully reflected in the setting assessments. 8.1.17 It is recognised that landscape character, including the historic dimension of landscape character, is of relevance to both the landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA) and the cultural heritage impact assessment (CHIA). Actual impacts on landscape character are addressed in the LVIA; landscape character is only relevant to the CHIA in so far as it is part of the contribution that setting makes to the significance of heritage assets. Change in landscape character may affect that contribution and therefore the significance of assets. 8.1.18 Old Sarum was clearly identified by both consultees as the key asset for this assessment and, as a result, it has received most detailed consideration in the analysis of potential effects in Section 8.4. The results of this assessment have informed the design proposals for the Site and all mitigation of adverse effects has been embedded in the design, as reported in Section 8.5. Legislation, planning policy and guidance relevant to setting Catesby Land Limited Environmental Statement – May 2013 Land at Longhedge, Salisbury 4 Chapter 8 Option A Site (49.27ha) Legislation 8.1.19 Legislation regarding Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas is contained in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. There are no Listed Buildings or Conservation Areas within the proposed development site and therefore potential effects on their significance are limited to change in setting. With respect to ‘setting’, Section 66 of the Act states (in part): “In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting”. 8.1.20 The setting of Conservation Areas is not protected in statute. 8.1.21 Legislation relating to archaeological monuments is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. There are no Scheduled Monuments within the proposed development site and therefore potential effects on their significance are limited to change in setting. This act makes no reference to the setting of Scheduled Monuments and therefore has no direct bearing on the issues raised by the present assessment. 8.1.22 No other types of heritage asset are protected or controlled by statute. National planning policy 8.1.23 National planning policy for the historic environment is set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, 2012). The NPPF is based on twelve core planning principles; the relevant principle for this assessment is that planning should “conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of Catesby Land Limited Environmental Statement – May 2013 Land at Longhedge, Salisbury 5 Chapter 8 Option A Site (49.27ha) life of this and future generations” (NPPF para. 17) 8.1.24 The glossary to the NPPF (Annex 2) provides definitions of key terms relevant to the setting of heritage assets: Heritage asset: A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Setting of a heritage asset: The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. Significance (for heritage policy): The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. 8.1.25 Policy of specific relevance to the historic environment is set out in Section 12 of the NPPF. 8.1.26 In determining applications, “local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting” (NPPF para.