Uppsala universitet Inst. för informationsvetenskap Browser Wars Kampen om webbläsarmarknaden Andreas Högström, Emil Pettersson Kurs: Examensarbete Nivå: C Termin: VT-10 Datum: 2010-06-07 Handledare: Anneli Edman "Anyone who slaps a 'this page is best viewed with Browser X' label on a Web page appears to be yearning for the bad old days, before the Web, when you had very little chance of read- ing a document written on another computer, another word processor, or another network" - Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, grundare av World Wide Web Consortium, Technology Review juli 1996 Innehållsförteckning Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Sammanfattning ......................................................................................................................... 2 1 Inledning .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Bakgrund .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Syfte ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Frågeställningar .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Avgränsningar ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Disposition ........................................................................................................................... 4 2 Metod ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Empiriska observationer ....................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Intervjuer .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Litteraturstudier .................................................................................................................... 7 3 Webbläsarhistoria .................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Dåtid, 1994~2001 ................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Övergången, 2001~2006 ...................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Nutid, 2005~2010 ............................................................................................................... 10 4 Presentation av webbläsarna ................................................................................................. 11 4.1 Google Chrome .................................................................................................................. 11 4.2 Internet Explorer ................................................................................................................ 12 4.3 Mozilla Firefox ................................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Opera .................................................................................................................................. 13 4.5 Safari .................................................................................................................................. 13 4.6 Var kommer pengarna ifrån? .............................................................................................. 13 5 Standarder och dess problem ................................................................................................. 15 5.1 Standarder ........................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Problem .............................................................................................................................. 16 6 Webbläsartester ..................................................................................................................... 18 6.1 Acid2 .................................................................................................................................. 18 6.2 Acid3 .................................................................................................................................. 19 6.3 HTML5 ............................................................................................................................... 21 7 Intervjuer ............................................................................................................................... 22 7.1 Val av webbläsare .............................................................................................................. 22 7.2 Konfliktens påverkan och problem .................................................................................... 23 7.3 Dåtid ................................................................................................................................... 24 8 Jämförelse och diskussion ..................................................................................................... 25 8.1 Konflikternas början ........................................................................................................... 25 8.2 Konflikternas utveckling .................................................................................................... 25 8.3 Anledningar till byte av webbläsare ................................................................................... 25 9 Slutsats .................................................................................................................................. 28 9.1 Hur har webbläsarmarknaden utvecklats? .......................................................................... 28 9.1.1 Utbud ............................................................................................................................... 28 9.1.2 Öppen källkod ................................................................................................................. 28 9.1.3 Pris ................................................................................................................................... 29 9.1.4 Standarder ........................................................................................................................ 29 9.2 Hur ser framtiden ut? .......................................................................................................... 29 9.2.1 Internet Explorer år 2014 ................................................................................................ 29 9.2.2 Ekonomiskt bistånd från Google ..................................................................................... 30 9.2.3 Vart tar användarna vägen? ............................................................................................. 30 9.3 Sammanfattad slutsats ........................................................................................................ 31 Källförteckning ......................................................................................................................... 32 Figurförteckning Figur 1: Graf över marknadsandelar för webbläsare 1996 till och med 2000............................8 Figur 2: Graf över marknadsandelar för webbläsare från 2005 till och med 2010.....................9 Figur 3: Graf över marknadsandelar för de fem största webbläsarna för april 2010................10 Figur 4: Standardutseendet på Google Chromes verktygsfält..................................................11 Figur 5: Standardutseende på Internet Explorers verktygsfält..................................................11 Figur 6: Standardutseende på Mozilla Firefox verktygsfält......................................................11 Figur 7: Standardutseende på Operas verktygsfält...................................................................12 Figur 8: Standardutseende på Safaris verktygsfält....................................................................12 Figur 9: Skillnaderna mellan hur bredden på en "box" ska tolkas och hur Internet Explorer 6 tolkar den...................................................................................................................................16 Figur 10: Referensbild för korrekt uppvisning av Acid2-testet................................................17 Figur 11: Jämförelse mellan Firefox 1.5 och Internet Explorer 6 på Acid2-testet...................18 Figur 12: Referensbild för korrekt uppvisning av Acid3-testet................................................19 Figur 13: Jämförelse mellan de fem största webbläsarna i Acid3-testet...................................19 Figur 14: Resultat av HTML5-testet.........................................................................................20 Bilagor Bilaga 1 Intervjuer Abstract The first browser war took place during the second half the 1990s, and Internet Explorer came out as the winner over Netscape Navigator. Today a new browser war is being fought with many competitors and the future is uncertain. The purpose of the thesis is to find out how the web browser market has developed since the start of the previous conflict, and we ask our- selves