CERN Courier June 2014 A Member of Viewpoint The Linde Group Latin America comes to CERN Luciano Maiani on forging with the arrival at CERN of the fi rst HELEN grant-holders from Latin America. Several new links between Europe and events were organized by HELEN in Argentina and in Mexico to transfer CERN the New World. technologies in accelerator physics and computing. For example, members of the CMS collaboration travelled to Brazil to help International collaboration in set up an LHC Computing Grid Tier-2 centre physics was born in Europe, for CMS at the Rio de Janeiro State University Our world is cool. after the Second World War, and in Sao Paulo. to explore subnuclear particle Prompted by the success of HELEN, in physics. An entirely new world, unveiled 2009 we proposed a new project that started in Linde Kryotechnik. by the interactions of cosmic rays in the February 2011 – the European Particle physics Earth’s atmosphere, could be studied only Latin-American NETwork (EPLANET), with particle accelerators so big that no Luciano Maiani. (Image credit: CNR.) funded by the EU in the Marie Curie Actions country in Europe could afford to build of the 7th Framework Programme. Supported them. The vision of distinguished European Brazil, which produced important physicists by EPLANET, professors and graduate scientists and statespersons led to CERN’s such as Roberto Salmeron, Alberto Santoro students can participate in the exciting Creating places colder than deep space, we are extending creation in 1954. and many others. On the theory side, Marcos research that began at the LHC in 2010, when the boundaries of knowledge to reveal a new generation In the 1980s a mutation took place as CERN Moshinski made signifi cant contributions the fi rst physics run started. entered the era of the Large Electron Positron to group theory in nuclear physics, and the The objective of EPLANET is to train of physics. (LEP) collider. The experiments needed beginning of the Standard Model witnessed scientifi c personnel in the collaborating large human and fi nancial resources, which important results by José Leite Lopez, institutions through participation in CERN could not provide. Universities and Juan José Gianbiagi, Carlos Guido Bollini, world-class experiments performed at CERN Linde Kryotechnik – your solution. their associated countries formed large-scale Miguel Virasoro and many others. Richard and the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rules collaborations, with extensive funds for the Feynman’s lectures in Rio had a profound of the Framework Programme allowed the construction and operation of detectors and to infl uence, and the efforts of Leon Lederman admission of only four countries from Latin support the travel of professors and students defi nitely oriented the experimental school in America – namely Argentina, Brazil, Chile to collect and translate into new physics the South America towards Fermilab. and Mexico. CERN has provided additional data produced at LEP. This phenomenon The aim with HELEN was to change the funds to continue the collaboration with has since repeated itself, on a larger scale, tendency to work with the US, which had been Colombia, Peru and Venezuela that started with the LHC. Today CERN has more than only marginally affected by the participation with HELEN. 10,000 “users” from around the world. of Brazilian groups in LEP. Among the All in all, HELEN and EPLANET At the end of 2003, Juan Antonio Rubio, objectives for mobility, we listed training of are perceived in the high-energy physics Verónica Riquer and I realized that a major the younger generations, through participation community as unprecedented and successful obstacle for Latin American scientists to take in advanced experiments, and access to efforts to integrate the particle-physics part in experiments at the LHC was the lack technological benefi ts in accelerator, detector communities of Europe and Latin of regular funds for their, and their students’, and information technology. The result was America. HELEN made possible the full mobility. The outcome was the High-Energy a network of 22 universities from eight Latin participation of Latin American groups in physics Latin-American European Network American countries, 16 universities from six the LHC experiments and as a consequence, – HELEN – fi nanced by ALFA, a programme European countries, CERN and the Pierre Latin American physicists contributed created by the European Union (EU) to Auger Observatory in Argentina. to the discovery of a Higgs boson by the facilitate the scientifi c interchange between Starting in July 2005 and ending in ATLAS and CMS experiments. Now, Europe and Latin America (CERN Courier April 2009, HELEN enabled mobility EPLANET continues to promote sustainable October 2005 p26). totalling 1596 man months, mainly from collaboration between Europe and Latin High-energy physics already had a Latin America to Europe, but also from America in high-energy physics and its considerable tradition in Latin America. In Europe to Latin America, and within associated technologies. I am confi dent that the early 1930s, Manuel Sandoval Vallarta Latin America – where the grants helped the two initiatives will have a major impact on in Mexico discovered the “east-west effect”, to foster collaboration. The total cost was multilateral Latin America–EU co-operation. which showed that cosmic rays are charged €3.0 million, with €2.7 million coming ● Luciano Maiani, Universita’ di Roma “La Sapienza”, particles. (Bruno Rossi obtained a similar through EU support. and CERN director-general (1999–2003). From result with an expedition in Africa.) Cesar The exciting adventure of creating a a talk given at Ciencia, Tecnologıa, Innovacion e Lattes and Beppo Occhialini created a vital Latin-American community in the scientifi c Industrialización en America del Sur, Rio de Janeiro, school in experimental particle physics in heart of Europe started in January 2006, 2–4 December 2013. Linde Kryotechnik AG Daettlikonerstrasse 5, 8422 Pfungen, Switzerland 58 Phone +41.52.3040555, www.linde-kryotechnik.ch CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 4 N UMBER 5 J U N E 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier June 2014 A Member of Viewpoint The Linde Group Latin America comes to CERN Luciano Maiani on forging with the arrival at CERN of the fi rst HELEN grant-holders from Latin America. Several new links between Europe and events were organized by HELEN in Argentina and in Mexico to transfer CERN the New World. technologies in accelerator physics and computing. For example, members of the CMS collaboration travelled to Brazil to help International collaboration in set up an LHC Computing Grid Tier-2 centre physics was born in Europe, for CMS at the Rio de Janeiro State University Our world is cool. after the Second World War, and in Sao Paulo. to explore subnuclear particle Prompted by the success of HELEN, in physics. An entirely new world, unveiled 2009 we proposed a new project that started in Linde Kryotechnik. by the interactions of cosmic rays in the February 2011 – the European Particle physics Earth’s atmosphere, could be studied only Latin-American NETwork (EPLANET), with particle accelerators so big that no Luciano Maiani. (Image credit: CNR.) funded by the EU in the Marie Curie Actions country in Europe could afford to build of the 7th Framework Programme. Supported them. The vision of distinguished European Brazil, which produced important physicists by EPLANET, professors and graduate scientists and statespersons led to CERN’s such as Roberto Salmeron, Alberto Santoro students can participate in the exciting Creating places colder than deep space, we are extending creation in 1954. and many others. On the theory side, Marcos research that began at the LHC in 2010, when the boundaries of knowledge to reveal a new generation In the 1980s a mutation took place as CERN Moshinski made signifi cant contributions the fi rst physics run started. entered the era of the Large Electron Positron to group theory in nuclear physics, and the The objective of EPLANET is to train of physics. (LEP) collider. The experiments needed beginning of the Standard Model witnessed scientifi c personnel in the collaborating large human and fi nancial resources, which important results by José Leite Lopez, institutions through participation in CERN could not provide. Universities and Juan José Gianbiagi, Carlos Guido Bollini, world-class experiments performed at CERN Linde Kryotechnik – your solution. their associated countries formed large-scale Miguel Virasoro and many others. Richard and the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rules collaborations, with extensive funds for the Feynman’s lectures in Rio had a profound of the Framework Programme allowed the construction and operation of detectors and to infl uence, and the efforts of Leon Lederman admission of only four countries from Latin support the travel of professors and students defi nitely oriented the experimental school in America – namely Argentina, Brazil, Chile to collect and translate into new physics the South America towards Fermilab. and Mexico. CERN has provided additional data produced at LEP. This phenomenon The aim with HELEN was to change the funds to continue the collaboration with has since repeated itself, on a larger scale, tendency to work with the US, which had been Colombia, Peru and Venezuela that started with the LHC. Today CERN has more than only marginally affected by the participation with HELEN. 10,000 “users” from around the world. of Brazilian groups in LEP. Among the All in all, HELEN and EPLANET At the end of 2003, Juan Antonio Rubio, objectives for mobility, we listed training of are perceived in the high-energy physics Verónica Riquer and I realized that a major the younger generations, through participation community as unprecedented and successful obstacle for Latin American scientists to take in advanced experiments, and access to efforts to integrate the particle-physics part in experiments at the LHC was the lack technological benefi ts in accelerator, detector communities of Europe and Latin of regular funds for their, and their students’, and information technology.