Urban America and the Progressive Era 1900-1917 I. American Communities A. The Henry Street Settlement House II. The Origins of Progressivism A. Characteristics and Goals B. Unifying Themes C. New Journalism: Muckraking 1. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives 2. Large-circulation Magazines: McClure's 3. Lincoln Steffens: The Shame of the Cities 4. Ida Tarbell: History of the Standard Oil Company 5. Upton Sinclair: The Jungle 6. David Graham Phillips: The Treason of the Senate 7. TR: "muckrakers" D. Intellectual Trends Promoting Reform 1. Emergence of social sciences 2. John Dewey: "creative intelligence" 3. The Fourteenth Amendment a. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. 4. Muller v. Oregon (1908) E. The Female Dominion 1. Settlement houses 2. Jane Addams and Florence Kelley III. Progressive Politics in Cities and States A. The Urban Machine 1. Democratic party machines a. Irish in cities B. Progressives and Urban Reform 1. Political machinery and Urban conditions F. Statehouse Progressives: West and South 1. Robert M. LaFollette 2. Direct Democracy a. Initiative, referendum, recall 3. Southern Progressivism a. Segregation & Disfranchisement: African Americans b. Big Business & "unruly citizens" c. Child labor laws & Compulsory education III. Social Control and Its Limits A. The Prohibition Movement 1. Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) 2. The Anti-Saloon League 3. "Pietists" v. "Ritualists" B. The Social Evil 1. Prostitution and "White slave traffic" C. The Redemption of Leisure 1. "Commercialized Leisure" 2. Movies and the National Board of Censorship D. Standardizing Education 1. Public Schools: Americanization 2. Compulsory school attendance IV . Challenges to Progessivism A. The New Global Immigration 1. Southern and Eastern Europe 2. Immigrant Communities 3. Mexican Immigration: the West B. Urban Ghettos 1. New York City a. Jewish immigration and clothing industry b. Women's Trade Union League c. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire C. Company Towns 1. Colorado Fuel and Iron Co. v. United Mine Workers a. Ludlow Massacre D. Competing Visions of Unionism: The AFL and the IWW 1. The AFL: "Unions, Pure and Simple" a. UMWA b. "open shop" 2. The IWW: "One Big Union" a. Western Federation of Mines b. Industrial Workers of the World E. Rebels in Bohemia 1. Greenwich Village 2. "Bohemian" 3. The masses V. Women's Movements and Black Activism A. The New Woman 1. Women's organizations 2. Middle- class educated women 3. National Consumers' League (NCL) & Florence Kelley B. Birth Control 1. Margaret Sanger: contraception a. Family limitations C. Racism and Accommodation 1. African Americans in the South 2. Racial Stereotypes 3. Booker T. Washington a. Tuskegee Institute: vocational education b. "Racial accommodation" c. Up from Slavery (1901) D. Racial Justice, the NAACP, Black Women's Activism 1. W. E. B. Du Bois a. The Philadelphia Negro (1899) b. The Souls of Black Folk (1903) c. "talented tenth" 2. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People VI. National Progressivism A. Theodore Roosevelt and Presidential Activism 1. 1902 coal miners' strike B. Trustbusting and Regulation: TR’s Square Deal 1. Northern Securities v. United States (1904) 2. "Good" and "Bad" trusts 3. Hepburn Act: ICC 4. Pure Food and Drug Act: FDA 5. Meat Inspection Act a. Upton Sinclair's The Jungle C. The Birth of Environmentalism 1. U.S. Forest Service a. Gifford Pinchot 2. Preservation v. Unrestricted Commercial Development a. "Wise use" b. John Muir: Sierra Club 3. Yosemite Park a. Conservationists v. Preservationists b. Hetch Hetchy Valley 4. Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) a. Irrigation in the West D. The Election of 1912: A Four-Way Race 1. TR v. Taft a. Sixteenth Amendment 2. TR's "New Nationalism" 3.. Democrat Woodrow Wilson and "New Freedom" a. Louis Brandeis 4. Socialist Eugene V. Debs E. Woodrow Wilson's First Term 1. Underwood Simmons Act of 1913 a. Reduced tariffs 2. Federal Reserve Act a. Banking 3. Clayton Antitrust Act a. Federal Trade Commission 4. Federal workers a. Racial segregation b. Worker compensation 5. Keating-Owen Act .