#49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis B ␤ (ba¯Јta˘) Beta, second letter of the Greek protected from tick exposure. Asplenic alphabet. SEE: beta. persons should avoid endemic areas. Af- ␤-glucan (ba¯Јta˘-glooЈka˘n) Any one of a ter possible exposure, removal of ticks class of complexcarbohydrate nutri- or their nymphs may prevent infection. ents, derived from yeast, with immune- TREATMENT: Drugs used include stimulating and antimicrobial activity atovaquone and quinine plus clinda- in laboratory experiments. They are mycin or azithromycin, both given promoted as dietary supplements. orally. Asplenic patients may require ␤-glucuronidase (ba¯Јta˘-glooЉku¯-ro˘nЈ˘-ı exchange transfusion. da¯s) An enzyme found in lysosomes. It Babinski’s reflex (ba˘-bı˘nЈske¯z) [Joseph is involved in the breakdown of glycos- Babinski, Fr. neurologist, 1857–1932] aminoglycan. Dorsiflexion of the great toe when the B 1. Symbol for the element boron. 2. Ba- sole of the foot is stimulated. Normally, cillus; Balantidium; barometric; base; when the lateral aspect of the sole of the bath; behavior; buccal. relaxed foot is stroked, the great toe Ba Symbol for the element barium. flexes. If the toe extends instead of BAAM Beck airway airflow monitor. flexes and the outer toes spread out, Ba- Babcock’s operation (ba˘bЈko˘ks) [Wil- binski’s reflexis present. It is a normal liam Wayne Babcock, U.S. surgeon, reflexin infants under the age of 6 1872–1963] Extirpation of the saphe- months but indicates a lesion of the py- nous vein; a treatment for varicose ramidal (corticospinal) tract in older in- veins. dividuals. Care must be taken to avoid Babesia (ba˘-be¯Јze¯-a˘) [Victor Babe`s] Ge- interpreting voluntary extension of the nus of protozoa of the family Babesiidae toe as Babinski’s reflex. that causes babesiosis, a febrile illness Babinski’s sign Loss of or diminished that causes symptoms similar to those Achilles tendon reflexin sciatica. found in influenza, accompanied by he- baby [ME. babie] Infant. molytic anemia. Babesia microti is the battered b. A baby or child whose principal human pathogen, transmitted body provides evidence of physical to humans by tick bite. Other hosts in- abuse such as bruises, cuts, scars, frac- clude cattle, sheep, horses, and dogs. tures, or abdominal visceral injuries B. bigemina The causative organism that have occurred at various times in of Texas fever in cattle. the past. SEE: battered child syndrome. B. bovis The causative organism of blue b. An infant born with cyanosis, hemoglobinuria and jaundice (red-wa- which may be caused by anything that ter fever) in cattle. prevents proper oxygenation of the babesiosis (ba˘-be¯-ze¯-o¯Јsı˘s) A rare, usu- blood, esp. a congenital anomaly that ally self-limited disease caused by an in- permits blood to go directly from the traerythrocytic protozoan, Babesia mi- right to the left side of the heart without croti, and perhaps other Babesia going through the lungs. The most com- species. The disease is transmitted by mon cyanotic congenital heart defects deer ticks, and occurs most often in New are tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of England in the U.S. It has also been re- the great vessels, and hypoplastic left ported elsewhere. Severe forms are heart syndrome. most likely to occur in elderly people boarder b. An infant kept in a hos- and in people without functioning pital nursery until status permits dis- spleens. Rarely, the infection is trans- charge to family care or transfer to an- mitted by blood transfusion from an other agency for maintenance or asymptomatic carrier. The incubation adoption. period may last from weeks to months. collodion b. A newborn covered with SYMPTOMS: Symptoms include fe- a collodion-like layer of desquamated ver, chills, headache, sweats, myalgia, skin; may be due to ichthyosis vulgaris. arthralgia, and nausea and vomiting. baby bottle syndrome Decay of primary DIAGNOSIS: The diagnosis is sug- teeth in older infants and toddlers re- gested when a patient with an appro- lated to taking a bottle of punch or other priate outdoor exposure presents with sweet liquid to bed and retaining the liq- typical symptoms, plus hemolytic ane- uid. This creates massive caries. SYN: mia. Thick and thin blood smears and bottle mouth caries; nursing-bottle syn- other laboratory techniques (e.g., the drome. polymerase chain reaction) may be used Baby Doe regulations Federal, state, and for definitive confirmation. hospital policies insuring that handi- short PREVENTION: The skin should be capped infants will receive nourish- standard #49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis top of rh baby lung hypothesis 228 back board base of rh ment, warmth, and life-saving treat- ment without regard to the quality of life. baby lung hypothesis In neonatal criti- cal care medicine, the loss of functioning alveoli in acute lung injury or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. In both of these diseases large sections of the lungs lose their compliance, collapse, or fill with fluids, leaving only a remnant of the lung available for ventilation. Ventilatory strategies designed for fully operational, adult-sized lungs may pro- vide too much air at too high a volume BACILLUS and pressure to the limited lung tissue Gram stain of Bacillus species (spores that can be potentially recruited. This visible in upper left quadrant) hypothesis suggests that overtaxing an infant-sized lung with adult ventilation can result in further injury to an al- more likely to cause the type 1 syn- ready damaged lung. drome. The emetic toxin may not be de- BAC blood alcohol concentration. stroyed by brief cooking. Type 2, the di- bacciform (ba˘kЈsı˘-form) [Љϩforma, arrheal syndrome, is caused by form] Berry-shaped; coccal. production of the heat-labile enterotox- Bach flower therapy [Edward Bach, Brit- ins hemolysin BL and nonhemolytic en- ish physician, 1886–1936] A form of terotoxin. These enterotoxins stimulate aromatherapy in which the essences of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic adenosine wildflowers are used to promote well- monophosphate system in intestinal ep- ness. ithelial cells, leading to profuse watery Bacillaceae (ba˘s-ı˘-la¯Јse¯-e¯) A family of diarrhea. Foods commonly associated rod-shaped, usually gram-positive bac- with type 2 syndrome are meat and veg- teria of the order Eubacteriales that etables. produce endospores and are commonly bacillus pl. bacilli 1. Any rod-shaped mi- found in soil. Genera of this family in- croorganism. 2. A rod-shaped microor- clude Bacillus and Clostridium. ganism belonging to the class Schizo- bacillar, bacillary (ba˘sЈı˘l-a˘r, ba˘sЈı˘l-a˘r-e¯) mycetes. SEE: Bacillus; bacterium. 1. Pert. to or caused by bacilli. 2. Rod- acid-fast b. ABBR: AFB. A bacillus like. not readily decolorized by acids or other bacille Calmette-Gue´rin (ba˘-se¯lЈ) An or- means when stained. Mycobacterium ganism of the strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one example of an acid- bovis, weakened (attenuated) by long- fast bacillus. term cultivation on bile-glycerol-potato Bacillus species ABBR: Bacillus spp. medium. SEE: BCG vaccine. All of the species of Bacillus. bacillemia (ba˘s-ı˘-le¯Јme¯-a˘) [L. bacillus, Bacillus stearothermophilus A spore- rod, ϩ Gr. haima, blood] The pres- forming bacillus that may survive dis- ence of rod-shaped bacteria in the blood. infection or sterilization. Its presence on bacilli (ba˘-sı˘lЈı¯) Pl. of bacillus. a clinical instrument or surface is used bacilliform (ba˘-sı˘lЈı˘-form) [Љϩforma, as an indicator of inadequate sterility. form] Resembling a bacillus in shape. bacitracin (ba˘s-ı˘-tra¯Јsı˘n) An antibiotic bacillosis (ba˘sЉı˘-lo¯Јsı˘s) [ЉϩGr. osis, in- obtained from a strain of Bacillus sub- fection] Infection by rod-shaped bacte- tilis. Its antibacterial actions are simi- ria. lar to those of penicillin. It treats gram- Bacillus (ba˘-sı˘lЈu˘s) [L.] A genus of gram- positive cocci and bacilli and some positive, spore-forming, often aerobic, gram-negative organisms. Because bac- rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacil- itracin is toxic when used parenterally, laceae; they grow singly or in chains. it is usually applied topically in oint- Most inhabit soil and water. Some, such ment form. as Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus ce- back 1. The dorsum. 2. The posterior re- reus, cause serious human diseases. gion of the trunk from neck to pelvis. SEE: illus.; bacterium. Health care workers often strain their B. cereus A gram-positive spore- backs; therefore, it is important to learn forming food pathogen that causes two basic concepts in back care. SEE: illus.; types of food poisoning syndromes: em- back pain. esis and diarrhea. Type 1, the emetic backache (ba˘kЈa¯kЉ)[ЉϩЉ] Back pain. syndrome, is caused by the production back board A stiff board on which a of a heat-stable cereulide (a small, heat- spine-injured patient is secured so that stable dodecadepsipeptide), which can the patient’s back, neck, and head are damage the host cell mitochondria and maintained in-line during transport to in rare cases cause liver damage. Foods the hospital. This device should be used short containing large amounts of rice are with a head immobilization device and standard #49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis top of rh back board 229 bactericide base of rh physics, the deflection of ionizing radi- ation back more than 90Њ from interac- tions with intervening matter. Use of a back school A term for educational pro- footrest relieves grams, often sponsored by industry, swayback. that emphasize body mechanics and er- gonomic principles with the goal of pre- venting initial or recurring injuries to Bend the the spine. knees and backup Anything that serves to replace a hips, not the function or system that fails.