Gender Equality Policy in the Arts, Culture and Media Comparative Perspectives Principal Investigator: Prof. Helmut K. Anheier, PhD SUPPORTED BY Project team: Charlotte Koyro Alexis Heede Malte Berneaud-Kötz Alina Wandelt Janna Rheinbay Cover image: Klaus Lefebvre, 2009 La Traviata (Giuseppe Verdi) @Dutch National Opera Season 2008/09 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 5 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... 8 Comparative Summary ............................................................................................................ 9 Introduction to Country Reports ......................................................................................... 23 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 23 Method ............................................................................................................................... 24 Indicators ........................................................................................................................... 24 Country Reports ....................................................................................................................... 27 France ................................................................................................................................. 27 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 27 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 28 Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 39 Good Practices ................................................................................................................ 40 Italy...................................................................................................................................... 42 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 42 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 44 Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 54 Good Practices ................................................................................................................ 54 The Netherlands .............................................................................................................. 55 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 55 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 57 Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 69 Good Practices ................................................................................................................ 69 Poland ................................................................................................................................. 71 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 71 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 73 Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 82 Good Practices ................................................................................................................ 83 Sweden ............................................................................................................................... 84 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 84 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 86 Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 97 Good Practices ................................................................................................................ 97 The United Kingdom ....................................................................................................... 99 National Gender Equality ............................................................................................ 99 Key Findings ................................................................................................................. 100 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................ 111 References .............................................................................................................................. 112 3 Gender Equality Policy in the Arts, Culture and Media Hertie School of Governance, August 2017 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... I Appendix A: Methodological Notes ................................................................................ I Appendix B: Gender Check ............................................................................................. IV Appendix C: Women in Leadership ............................................................................. XII Appendix D: Prizes and Honors .................................................................................. XVI 4 Gender Equality Policy in the Arts, Culture and Media Hertie School of Governance, August 2017 List of Figures Fig. 1: Gender mainstreaming barometer (DE) ............................................................... 11 Fig. 2: Share of women among cultural workers ............................................................ 13 Fig. 3: Gender gap in labor participation rate .................................................................. 13 Fig. 4: Gender pay gap in “arts, entertainment, and recreation” ............................... 14 Fig. 5: Gender pension gap ................................................................................................... 14 Fig. 6: Gender gap in poverty risk for retired women .................................................... 15 Fig. 7: Children in pre-school (full-time, aged 3+) ........................................................... 15 Fig. 8: Gender pay gap in economy overall and the creative-cultural domain ........ 16 Fig. 9: Gender pay gap in economy overall and the media domain ........................... 17 Fig. 10: Gender mainstreaming barometer (FR) .............................................................. 28 Fig. 11: Share of women among cultural workers (FR) .................................................. 29 Fig. 12: Women in leading positions, French media sub-sector (%) .......................... 31 Fig. 13: Unadjusted gender pay gap for French workers in “arts, entertainment, and recreation” (%) ................................................................................................................. 34 Fig. 14: Share of self-employed persons in all sectors and in “arts, entertainment, and recreation” (FR), by sex ......................................................................................... 34 Fig. 15: Gender pension gap for different age groups, EU and FR (%) ....................... 35 Fig. 16: At risk of poverty rate for pensioners (65+ years) (FR) (%) ............................. 36 Fig. 17: French children in daycare, by age group and weekly duration of service (%) ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Fig. 18: Gender mainstreaming barometer (IT) ............................................................... 43 Fig. 19: Share of women among cultural workers (IT) ................................................... 45 Fig. 20: Women in leading positions, Italian media sub-sector (%) ........................... 46 Fig. 21: Share of self-employed persons in all sectors and in “arts, entertainment, and recreation” (IT), by sex ........................................................................................... 50 Fig. 22: Gender pension gap for different age groups, EU and IT (%) ........................ 51 Fig. 23: At risk of poverty rate for pensioners (65+ years) (IT) (%) .............................. 51 Fig. 24: Italian children in daycare, by age group and weekly duration of service (%) ............................................................................................................................................. 53 Fig. 25: Gender mainstreaming barometer (NL) ............................................................