Kravchenko, O., Pyzhianova, N., Pidvalna, U., Reznichenko, I. /Vol. 9 Núm. 26: 282 - 290/ Febrero 2020 282 Artículo de investigación Educational activity of P. Kulish: book publishing and folklore preservation Просветительская деятельность П. Кулиша: книгоиздательство и сохранение фольклора Recibido: 5 de octubre del 2019 Aceptado: 12 de noviembre del 2019 Written by: Kravchenko Oksana102 ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-6546 Pyzhianova Nataliia103 ORCID: orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9347-6566 Pidvalna Uliya104 ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-4232 Reznichenko Iryna105 ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-2378 Abstract Аннотация This article is devoted to the study of the Данная статья посвящена изучению educational activities of P. Kulish, which просветительской деятельности П. Кулиша, consisted in the creation of Ukrainian educational которая включала создание украинской literature, preservation of monuments of national учебной литературы, сохранению folklore. The following scientific research памятников национального фольклора. При methods were used in the preparation of the подготовке статьи использовались article: method of generalization, method of следующие научные методы исследования: comparisons and analogies, chronological and метод обобщения, метод сравнения и induction method. They pay attention to the аналогий, хронологический метод и метод analysis of the historical work called «The story индукции. Внимание уделено анализу about Ukrainian people». It was noted that it was исторического труда «Повесть об украинском one of the first educational books on the history народе». Указано, что это была одна из of Ukraine, which, along with descriptions of первых учебных книг по истории Украины, historical events, included folklore material, которая содержала наряду с описаниями taking into account some folk songs translated исторических событий фольклорный into Russian. The structure and content of the материал, в частности, отдельные народные textbook for teaching grammar in the Ukrainian песни, переведенные на русский язык. language “Gramatka” are examined in detail in В статье подробно исследована структура и the article. It is stated that the textbook contains a содержание учебника для обучения грамоте preface, twelve sections. The textbook's teaching на украинском языке «Граматка». material covers not only reading and writing Указывается, что учебник содержит skills, but also arithmetic, general historical предисловие, двенадцать разделов. Учебный science information. Also, for the first time, материал книги охватывает не только samples of oral folk art and other folk monuments информацию по усвоению чтения и письма, were used as educational material. The results of но и курс арифметики, изложены общие the analysis of P. Kulish's textbook “Gramatka” сведения по истории. Также, впервые, как suggest that it implements the basic functions of учебный материал, использованы образцы the textbook, namely: information, development устного народного творчества и другие and education. The textbook is clearly structured, фольклорные памятники. Результаты анализа 102 D.Sc. habil. (Pedagogical Sciences), Professor, Social and Psychological Education Department, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine 103 PhD in Arts, Assistant Professor, Department of Arts, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine 104 PhD (Pedagogical Sciences), Assistant Professor, Social and Psychological Education Department, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine 105 PhD (Pedagogical Sciences), Assistant Professor, Department of Primary Education, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga o www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322- 6307 Vol. 9 Núm. 26 / Febrero 2020 283 it contains basic and additional texts, illustrations, книги П. Кулиша «Граматка» позволяют various types of tasks and exercises. The authors утверждать, что он реализует основные point to P. Kulish's key role in publishing literary функции учебника, а именно: works of Ukrainian writers in separate brochures. информационную, развивающую и It is noted that the creation and spread of religious воспитательную. Учебный материал четко works in the mother tongue was an important структурирован, содержит основной и element in raising the overall educational level of дополнительный тексты, иллюстрации, the Ukrainian people. The results of the study различные виды заданий и упражнений. indicate that P. Kulish's educational activities in Авторами указывается на ключевую роль П. the native language were effective through the Кулиша в печати литературных means of educational, religious and popular произведений украинских писателей science literature. отдельными брошюрами. Отмечается, что написание и распространение религиозных Key Words: Educational activity, folklore, произведений на родном языке выступало educational literature, monuments of oral folk art, важным элементом повышения общего textbook уровня образованности украинского народа. Результаты проведенного исследования указывают, что просветительская деятельность П. Кулиша посредством учебной, религиозной и научно-популярной литературы на родном языке была эффективной. Ключевые слова: просветительская деятельность, фольклор, учебная литература, памятники устного народного творчества, учебник Introduction The emergence of romanticism in European P. Kulish's professional interests covered culture led to the activation of self-identification, literature, ethnography, publishing and attention to the spiritual and creative aspects of pedagogical matters. His main tasks were the human life. The spread of romanticism had development of the Ukrainian language, various manifestations: from raising the level of preservation and promotion of national national consciousness of the European traditions, introduction of the best European inhabitants to the rapid education and arts experience in the field of education. P. Kulish development. accomplished these tasks through the creation and spread of educational, popular science The processes of national self-identification took literature. place in different regions of the Russian Empire, in particular in the territory of modern Ukraine. This article is devoted to the study of the In the first half of the XIX century they educational activities of P. Kulish, which manifested themselves through: consisted in the creation of Ukrainian educational literature, preservation of − drawing attention to the monuments of monuments of national folklore. folk art, conducting folkloristic studies; − formation of Ukrainian literature; Literature review − book publishing; − promotion of education, first of all, It should be noted that the research of P. Kulish's among the poor. creative contribution to the development of book publishing, Slavic folklore, literature and writing The period of Ukrainian Romanticism is is devoted to the scientific works of many characterized by the active creative activity of scholars. many representatives of Eastern Slavic culture and art. Panteleimon Kulish (1819–1897) was Thus, general information about the life of P. one of the prominent social and cultural figures Kulish, his biography, based on primary sources, of the Romantic period. are contained in the monograph of Ye. Nakhlik Encuentre este artículo en http:// www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322- 6307 284 (2007). The author highlights the role of the Methodology writer in the Ukrainian prose, ethnography, literary criticism, translation, literary language The following scientific research methods were development. It is stated that the folkloristic used in the preparation of the article. explorations of Kulish allowed to preserve the monuments of oral folk art. The generalization method was used to determine the typical characteristics of the The article (Tarnawsky, 1992) examines the educational literature created by P. Kulish. The impact of European literature on Ukrainian use of the method of comparisons and analogies modernist prose using specific examples, in made it possible to reveal the specifics of the particular using the work of P. Kulish as the educational material, its differences from other example. It is stated that Ukrainian modernist examples of pedagogical and popular science prose was a reaction against Ukrainian realism. literature. A comprehensive study of the The author points out that the Europeanization of educational activities of P. Kulish required the Ukrainian literature in the modernist period was involvement and elaboration of archival not a borrowing of modernist techniques or materials. subjects, but an image of Ukrainian subjects from the European point of view. From this moment, In turn, working with archival sources and the author of the article points out that the origins ordering information by time characteristics led of the Ukrainian historical novel, such as P. to the use of a chronological and induction Kulish's “Black Council” were closely related to method. the founder of Scottish historical prose of XIX century, Sir W. Scott. Results and discussion The article (Luckyj, 1988) notes that Ukrainian 1. Preconditions to creation of books by literature of the early XIX century is closely P. Kulish linked to romanticism. This period is characterized by the intensification of folklore Р. Kulish realized well that the only way of explorations, the study of historical events and national self-awareness and literacy extension their inclusion