DEBATES ON UNITED STATES HISTORY Colonial Society The Revolution Antebellum America and More! Taking Sides: Clashing Views in United States History, Volume 1: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction, Fifteenth Edition, is a debate-style reader designed to introduce students to controversies in the history of the United States. The readings, which represent the arguments of leading historians, refl ect opposing positions and have been selected for their liveliness and substance and because of their value in a debate framework. Taking Sides Enhanced Pedagogy! For each issue, the editor provides an expanded introduction and a new section titled Exploring the Issue. The Introduction, now including alternate perspectives on the issue and Learning Outcomes, sets the stage for the debate. The Exploring the Issue section presents Clashing Views in Critical Thinking and Refl ection questions to provoke further examination of the issue. This new section also features Is There Common Ground?—designed to explore the different perspectives of the issue— plus Additional Resources for readings or Web sites that further the debate. By requiring students to analyze contradictory positions and reach considered judgments, Taking Sides actively develops students’ critical thinking skills. It is this development of critical thinking skills that is the ultimate purpose of each of the volumes in the widely acclaimed Taking Sides program. United States History CORRELATION GUIDE INSIDE. Instructor prep time just got easier! to Reconstruction Colonial Period The It’s easy to use this reader in conjunction with other best-selling McGraw-Hill titles. You’ll fi nd the helpful Correlation Guide following the Table of Contents. McGraw-Hill eBooks! AFFORDABLE—PORTABLE—SEARCHABLE Did you know that many McGraw-Hill textbooks are available as an eBook? MD DALIM 1179519 1/27/12 AFFORDABLE Save money! eBooks are less expensive than a printed textbook. PORTABLE Why lug around a book? 1 Volume Access your eBook from any computer with internet access. SEARCHABLE CYAN Get to where you need to go instantly! Clashing Views in No need to fl ip through an index. FIFTEENTH EDITION www.coursesmart.com MAG United States History YELO www.mhhe.com/cls Volume 1 The Colonial Period to Reconstruction BLACK Madaras FIFTEENTH EDITION SoRelle Larry Madaras James M. SoRelle Clashing Views in United States History, Volume 1, The Colonial Period to Reconstruction mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd i 2/7/12 3:13 PM mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd ii 2/7/12 3:13 PM Clashing Views in United States History, Volume 1, The Colonial Period to Reconstruction FIFTEENTH EDITION Selected, Edited, and with Introductions by Larry Madaras Howard Community College and James M. SoRelle Baylor University mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd iii 2/7/12 3:13 PM TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS IN UNITED STATES HISTORY, VOLUME 1, THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO RECONSTRUCTION, FIFTEENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2010, 2009, and 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Taking Sides® is a registered trademark of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Taking Sides is published by the Contemporary Learning Series group within the McGraw-Hill Higher Education division. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 MHID: 0-07-805031-6 ISBN: 978-0-07-805031-2 ISSN: 1091-8833 (print) ISSN: Pending (online) Managing Editor: Larry Loeppke Senior Developmental Editor: Jill Meloy Permissions Coordinator: DeAnna Dausener Senior Marketing Communications Specialist: Mary Klein Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Brenda A. Rolwes Cover Graphics: Rick D. Noel Buyer: Nicole Baumgartner Media Project Manager: Sridevi Palani Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company Cover Image: © Getty Images RF www.mhhe.com mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd iv 2/7/12 3:13 PM Editors/Academic Advisory Board Members of the Academic Advisory Board are instrumental in the final selection of articles for each edition of TAKING SIDES. Their review of articles for content, level, and appropriateness provides critical direction to the editors and staff. We think that you will find their careful consideration well reflected in this volume. TAKING SIDES: Clashing Views in UNITED STATES HISTORY, VOLUME 1, THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO RECONSTRUCTION Fifteenth Edition EDITORS Larry Madaras Howard Community College and James M. SoRelle Baylor University ACADEMIC ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Robert Alderson Kevin R. C. Gutzman Debra Meyers Georgia Perimeter College Western Connecticut State Northern Kentucky University University Steven Becker University of Dayton Timothy Hack Teresa Mushik Salem Community College Park University Tomas R. Bennett Florida Hospital College of Kristin Hargrove M. Orizondo-Harding Health Sciences Grossmont Community University of Central College Florida Laurie Carlson Western Oregon University Russell Jones John Perkins Eastern Michigan Crowder College Jianyue Chen University Northeast Lakeview College Scott Potter Paul Kahan Ohio State Kevin Dockerty Montgomery County University—Marion Kalamazoo Valley Community College Community College Emily Rader Richard Kennedy El Camino College Leon D. Fisher Mount Olive College Rose State College Carey Roberts Jason S. Lantzer Arkansas Tech University Michael Flores IUPUI—Indianapolis Cypress College Edward Robinson Helen Mccaffrey Abilene Christian Stephen Gibson Atlantic Cape Community University Allegany College of Maryland College v mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd v 2/7/12 3:13 PM Editors/Academic Advisory Board continued Karl Rodabaugh Marvin Seperson Kristen Wood Winston-Salem State Nova Southeastern Florida International University University University Sarah Roth Thomas T. Taylor Widener University Wittenberg University Bryan Seiling Irvin D. S. Winsboro Cypress College Florida Gulf Coast University vi mad50316_frontmatter_i-xxviii.indd vi 2/7/12 3:13 PM Preface Since 1985, our aim has been to create an effective instrument to enhance class- room learning and to foster critical thinking in the subject area of United States history. Historical facts presented in a vacuum are of little value to the educational process. For students, whose search for historical truth often concentrates on when something happened rather than on why, and on specifi c events rather than on the signifi cance of those events, Taking Sides is designed to offer an interesting and valuable departure. The understanding arrived at based on the evidence that emerges from the clash of views encourages the reader to view history as an inter- pretive discipline, not one of rote memorization. The success of the past 14 edi- tions of Taking Sides: Clashing Views in United States History has encouraged us to remain faithful to its original objectives and methods, but previous users of this reader will notice several changes in the format of this new edition. As in previous editions, the 17 issues and 34 essays that follow are arranged in chronological order and can be incorporated easily into any American history survey course. Each issue has an Introduction, which sets the stage for the debate that follows in the pro and con selections and provides historical and methodo- logical background to the problem that the issue examines. For this new edition, each introduction has been expanded to focus more intentionally on alternative perspectives that are applicable to the question at hand in order to demonstrate that these issues contain a level of complexity that cannot be addressed fully in a simple Yes/No format. Additionally, each introduction is accompanied by a set of student-focused Learning Outcomes which are designed to highlight what knowledge the reader should take away from reading and studying the issue. The traditional Postscript from previous editions has been replaced by several new features. First, there are several questions that relate to the learn- ing outcomes and to the material in the preceding essays that are designed to stimulate Critical Thinking and Refl ection. Second, Is There Common Ground? attempts to encourage students to think more deeply about the issue by high- lighting points shared by scholars on the subject at hand and tying the read- ings to alternative perspectives within the debate. Third, Additional Resources offers a brief annotated bibliography of important books and essays relating to the issue. Also, Internet site addresses (URLs), which should prove useful as starting points for further research, have been provided on the Internet Refer- ences page that accompanies each unit opener. Another new feature to this edition is the Topic Guide, a list of topics cov- ered in the issues comprising this volume. At the back of the book, as in previ- ous editions, is a listing of all the contributors to this volume with a brief biographical sketch of each of the authors whose views are debated here.