Contents What Every Engineer Should Know: Series Statement................ xv Preface. ................................................................. xvii Author. ................................................................. xix Acknowledgments . ................................................... xx List of Abbreviations................................................... xxi 1 Development Processes . ......................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................... 1 1.2 Concept and Market ...................................... 5 1.3 People and Disciplines . .................................. 7 1.4 Architecting and Architecture . ......................... 8 1.5 Phases of a Project . ....................................... 16 1.6 Scheduling. ................................................ 19 1.7 Documentation . ........................................... 21 1.8 Requirements and Standards ............................. 24 1.9 Analysis . ................................................ 30 1.10 Design Trade-Offs. ....................................... 31 1.11 Tests . .................................................... 38 1.12 Integration. ................................................ 42 1.13 Manufacturing. ........................................... 44 1.14 Support .................................................... 45 1.15 Disposal . ................................................ 47 1.16 Liability.................................................... 48 1.17 Priorities. ................................................ 49 1.18 Summary . ................................................ 49 References ........................................................ 50 2 Variations on the Theme—Considerations for Mission-Critical Equipment and Medical Devices ................................ 53 2.1 Development Processes . .................................. 53 2.2 People and Disciplines . .................................. 55 2.3 Architecting and Architecture . ......................... 55 2.4 Phases . .................................................... 61 2.5 Scheduling. ................................................ 65 2.6 Documentation . ........................................... 66 2.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 66 2.8 Analysis . ................................................ 70 2.9 Design Trade-Offs. ....................................... 75 viii Contents 2.10 Tests ....................................................... 84 2.11 Integration. .............................................. 86 2.12 Manufacturing. .......................................... 90 2.13 Support . ................................................... 90 2.14 Disposal ................................................... 93 2.15 Liability. ................................................... 93 2.16 Priorities ................................................... 93 2.17 Summary .................................................. 94 References . ...................................................... 94 3 Tools of the Trade ................................................ 97 3.1 Introduction . .............................................. 97 3.2 Tools for Estimation and Feasibility . .................... 97 3.3 Tools for Project Control . ................................. 102 3.4 Tools for Design. .......................................... 104 3.5 Laboratory Equipment . ................................. 106 References . ...................................................... 109 4 Case Study 1—Major Appliances. ............................... 111 4.1 Concept and Market . ..................................... 111 4.2 People and Disciplines . ................................. 113 4.3 Architecting and Architecture ............................ 113 4.4 Phases . ................................................... 115 4.5 Scheduling. .............................................. 115 4.6 Documentation . .......................................... 115 4.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 116 4.8 Analysis ................................................... 116 4.9 Design Trade-Offs......................................... 116 4.10 Tests ....................................................... 119 4.11 Integration. .............................................. 119 4.12 Manufacturing. .......................................... 119 4.13 Support . ................................................... 120 4.14 Disposal ................................................... 121 4.15 Liability. ................................................... 121 4.16 Summary .................................................. 121 Acknowledgment. .............................................. 121 5 Case Study 2—Telecom Products . ............................... 123 5.1 Concept and Market . ..................................... 123 5.2 People and Disciplines . ................................. 125 5.3 Architecting and Architecture ............................ 125 5.4 Phases . ................................................... 127 5.5 Scheduling. .............................................. 128 5.6 Documentation . .......................................... 128 5.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 130 5.8 Analysis ................................................... 131 Contents ix 5.9 Design Trade-Offs. ....................................... 131 5.10 Tests . .................................................... 133 5.11 Integration. ................................................ 134 5.12 Manufacturing. ........................................... 135 5.13 Support .................................................... 137 5.14 Disposal . ................................................ 138 5.15 Liability.................................................... 139 5.16 Summary . ................................................ 139 Acknowledgments. ............................................... 139 6 Case Study 3—Commercial Laboratory Equipment . .......... 141 6.1 Concept and Market ...................................... 141 6.2 People and Disciplines . .................................. 143 6.3 Architecting and Architecture . ......................... 144 6.4 Phases . .................................................... 147 6.5 Scheduling. ................................................ 156 6.6 Documentation . ........................................... 156 6.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 158 6.8 Analysis . ................................................ 159 6.9 Design Trade-Offs. ....................................... 160 6.10 Tests . .................................................... 165 6.11 Integration. ................................................ 166 6.12 Manufacturing. ........................................... 166 6.13 Support .................................................... 168 6.14 Disposal . ................................................ 168 6.15 Liability.................................................... 168 6.16 Summary . ................................................ 169 Acknowledgment. ............................................... 169 References ........................................................ 169 7 Case Study 4—Automobile Engine Controller.................. 171 7.1 Concept and Market ...................................... 171 7.2 People and Disciplines . .................................. 173 7.3 Architecting and Architecture . ......................... 173 7.4 Phases . .................................................... 176 7.5 Scheduling. ................................................ 176 7.6 Documentation . ........................................... 177 7.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 177 7.8 Analysis . ................................................ 179 7.9 Design Trade-Offs. ....................................... 179 7.10 Tests . .................................................... 182 7.11 Integration. ................................................ 183 7.12 Manufacturing. ........................................... 183 7.13 Support .................................................... 184 7.14 Disposal . ................................................ 185 7.15 Liability.................................................... 185 x Contents 7.16 Summary .................................................. 187 Acknowledgments. .............................................. 187 References . ...................................................... 188 8 Case Study 5—Industrial Flowmeter . .......................... 189 8.1 Concept and Market . ..................................... 189 8.2 People and Disciplines . ................................. 190 8.3 Architecting and Architecture ............................ 191 8.4 Phases . ................................................... 192 8.5 Scheduling. .............................................. 193 8.6 Documentation . .......................................... 193 8.7 Requirements and Standards ............................. 194 8.8 Analysis ................................................... 194 8.9 Design Trade-Offs......................................... 194 8.10 Tests ....................................................... 199 8.11 Integration. .............................................. 199 8.12 Manufacturing. .......................................... 199 8.13 Support . ..................................................