Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS, MOTIVATIONS AND ACTIONS POSITIVE HUMAN FUNCTIONING FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE VOLUME 3 PROMOTING HIGH PERFORMANCE No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Complimentary Contributor Copy PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS, MOTIVATIONS AND ACTIONS Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‟s website under the Series tab. Additional E-books in this series can be found on Nova‟s website under the E-book tab. Complimentary Contributor Copy PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS, MOTIVATIONS AND ACTIONS POSITIVE HUMAN FUNCTIONING FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE VOLUME 3 PROMOTING HIGH PERFORMANCE A. RUI GOMES RUI RESENDE AND ALBERTO ALBUQUERQUE EDITORS New York Complimentary Contributor Copy Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‟ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-1-62948-979-7 (eBook) ISSN: 2332-5542 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York Complimentary Contributor Copy This book is dedicated to… … all my family, especially my parents who were persistent in giving me the best life and educational opportunities, and to my wife Ana and daughters Joana and Tiago who give me the best opportunities to be a happy person every day. And I would like to recognize the six years of working together with our research group, “Adaptation, Performance and Human Development”, because the insights and constant encouragement of all the members were critical for the success of this book. A. Rui Gomes … Inês and Artur for the meaning they bring to our existence (mine and of Ana, my wife) and the hope they carry to the future. Rui Resende … my parents who, if they were alive, would love to know that this book was finished. This book happened because of them; I owe almost everything to them. To my wife, Suzana, who has always been the great supporter of my personal and professional life. To my children (Marta, Tiago, Diana, and João) and grandchildren (Zé, Clara, and Francisco), who are the most important people in my life. The success of this book is also their own success. I also thank my companions on this journey, Rui Gomes and Rui Resende. Alberto Albuquerque Complimentary Contributor Copy Complimentary Contributor Copy CONTENTS Editor’s Note ix Preface xi Opening Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Towards a Fully Functioning Humanity 3 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Individuals and Teams 13 Chapter 2 Birth Advantages, Social Agents, and Talent Development in Youth Sport 15 David J. Hancock and Jean Côté Chapter 3 Training Teams to High Performance: Efficacy and Implications for Practice 33 Tripp Driskell and Eduardo Salas Chapter 4 Mental Training for Elite Athletes: Theory, Research and Implications for Practice 59 Robert Weinberg Leaders 81 Chapter 5 Coaching Young Athletes to Positive Development: Implications for Coach Training 83 Stewart Vella and Wade Gilbert Chapter 6 Coaching High Performance Athletes: Implications for Coach Training 107 Gordon A. Bloom, William R. Falcão and Jeffrey G. Caron Chapter 7 Leadership in a Team Sport Context: Implications for Coaches 133 Harold A. Riemer and Sebastian Harenberg Chapter 8 Leadership and Positive Human Functioning: A Triphasic Proposal 157 A. Rui Gomes Complimentary Contributor Copy viii Contents About the Editors 171 About the Contributors 173 Index 179 Complimentary Contributor Copy EDITOR’S NOTE THE BOOK “Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective” tries to understand factors involved in the human adaptation to stressful situations, the human adoption of healthy life styles, and the human training for high performance. Considering these main goals, the book is edited in three volumes related to human adaptation, human development, and human training. For all volumes, the opening chapter is written by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. This chapter addresses the fascinating topic titled “Towards a fully functioning humanity”, serving as an introduction to how positive psychology can contribute to the flourishing of humanity in the future. VOLUME 1 Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective: Promoting stress adaptation The main goal of this volume is to analyze human adaptation to life situations. Using examples of work and sport contexts, topics related to stress, emotions, and burnout, both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view, are discussed. How to promote positive adaptation to adaptational contexts is addressed by authors Cary Cooper, Michael P. Leiter, Ronald J. Burke, Marc Jones, Thomas Raedeke, Peter Crocker, and many others. VOLUME 2 Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective: Promoting healthy life styles The main goal of this volume is to analyze human development through the life cycle. Using examples of life skills and exercise practice, topics related to how to organize life skills programs for children, youth, and adults and how to assume healthy life styles by doing regular exercise are discussed. How to promote positive development across the life cycle is Complimentary Contributor Copy x A. Rui Gomes, Rui Resende and Alberto Albuquerque addressed by authors Martin I. Jones, Daniel Gould, Tanya Forneris, James E. Maddux, Kimberley L. Gammage, Ali A. Weinstein, and many others. VOLUME 3 Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective: Promoting high performance The main goal of this volume is to analyze human training to achievement contexts. Using examples of developmental and high performance contexts, topics related to talent development, athletes and teams‟ training for high performance situations, and leaders‟ training to maximum professional efficacy (including mainly the cases of sports coaches) are discussed. How to coach individuals, teams, and leaders to high performance is addressed by authors Jean Côté, Eduardo Salas, Robert S. Weinberg, Wade Gilbert, Gordon Bloom, Harold Riemer, and many others. This is the journey through the complexity of human functioning being assumed in this book; it is a broad and deep perspective of the factors involved in human adaptation, human development, and human training. In sum, this book addresses the fundamental challenge referred to by Kennon M. Sheldon in the Preface of this book, namely, how to make things go right in our lives. Complimentary Contributor Copy PREFACE It is with great pleasure that I write this preface, in part because it takes me back to some “golden days” of my professional youth. In 1999 I was fortunate enough to be invited to the Akumal conference, which was held on the Yucatan peninsula, in Mexico. This was the conference which formally hatched the positive psychology movement. It was an exciting time, as eminent researchers (such as Martin Seligman, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Alice Isen) and “promising young scholars” (such as me, Barbara Fredrickson, and Sonja Lyubomirsky) debated how to proceed. We considered topics such as whether “positive psychology” was the right name for the movement; whether