LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTER 11 Marieb The Muscular System: Axial Musculature Lecture Outline I. Muscles of Head and Neck A. Facial expression 1. mouth a. buccinator - compresses cheeks, sucking muscle b. depressor labii inferioris - depresses lower lip c. levator labii superioris - lifts upper lip d. mentalis - lifts and protrudes lower lip e. orbicularis oris - closes mouth (the “kissing” muscle) f. risorius - pulls corners of mouth laterally g. depressor anguli oris - depresses corners of mouth h. zygomaticus major and minor - elevates corner of mouth 2. eye a. orbicularis oculi - encircles and closes the eye b. corrugator supercilii - wrinkles brow c. levator palpebrae superioris - lifts upper eyelid 3. scalp a. frontalis - tightens scalp b. occipitalis - tightens scalp 4. neck a. platysma - opens mouth, expresses horror 5. nose a. procerus - changes shape of nostrils b. nasalis - depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils 6. ear a. temporoparietalis - moves pinna of ear B. Muscles of mastication 1. masseter - elevates mandible 2. temporalis - elevates mandible 3. medial pterygoid - elevates and moves mandible side to side 4. lateral pterygoid - protrudes and moves mandible side to side, opens jaws C. Extrinsic eye muscles 1. superior rectus - rotates eye upward 2. inferior rectus - rotates eye downward 3. lateral rectus - rotates eye laterally 4. medial rectus - rotates eye inward 5. superior oblique - rotates eye laterally and downward 6. inferior oblique - rotates eye laterally and upward D. Muscles of the tongue----all have -glossus 1. genioglossus - depresses and protracts tongue 2. hyoglossus - depresses and retracts tongue 3. palatoglossus - elevates tongue, depresses soft palate 4. styloglossus - retracts tongue, elevates sides of tongue E. Pharyngeal muscles 1. superior constrictor - constricts pharynx to swallow 2. middle constrictor- same 3. inferior constrictor - same 4. palatopharyngeus - elevate larynx 5. salpingopharyngeus - same 6. stylopharyngeus - same 7. levator veli palatini - elevates soft palate 8. tensor veli palatini - same F. Muscles of Neck---most have -hyoid 1. digastric - depresses mandible, elevates hyoid 2. geniohyoid - same 3. mylohyoid - elevates floor of mouth and hyoid 4. omohyoid - depresses hyoid bone and larynx 5. sternohyoid - same 6. sternothyroid - same 7. stylohyoid - elevates larynx 8. thyrohyoid - elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid 9. sternocleidomastoid - flex neck, turn face to side, bend head laterally G. Muscles of spine 1. erector spinae - postural, extends spine. Consists of a. spinalis b. longissimus dorsi c. iliocostalis d. longus capitis e. longus colli f. quadratus lumborum 2. vertebral muscles - keep vertebrae aligned, consists of a. semispinalis b. multifidus c. rotatores d. interspinales e. intertransversarii Hint and Tip External muscles running obliquely will be oriented diagonally inward and down; internal muscles likewise will run upward and in. H. Oblique and Rectus Muscles 1. scalenes , anterior, middle and posterior- "ladder" in cervical region 2. intercostal, external and internal - breathing muscles external = inhalation; internal = exhalation 3. transversus thoracis - deepest, crosses thoracic cavity 4. abdominal obliques, external and internal - compress and turn the torso 5. transverse abdominis - deepest, crosses abdomen 6. rectus abdominis - vertically the length of the abdomen 7. tendinous inscriptions of rectus abdominus 8. linea alba 9. inguinal rings I. Diaphragm - separates thorax from abdomen J. Pelvis Floor 1. bulbospongiosus - (male only) stiffens penis, ejects urine & semen; (female only) stiffens clitoris, narrows vaginal opening 2. ischiocavernosus - same 3. transverse perineus - stabilizes central tendon of perineum 4. urogential diaphragm (fig. 10-15) 5. urethral sphincter - closes urethra 6. coccygeus - flexes coccyx 7. external anal sphincter - closes anal opening 8. levator ani - tenses pelvic floor, elevates and retracts anus 9. pelvic diaphragm (fig. 10-15) . .