Applied Computer Science: CSI 5100 NETWORK ADMINSTRATION Thadee Gatera Network Adminstration Foreword The African Virtual University (AVU) is proud to participate in increasing access to education in African countries through the production of quality learning materials. We are also proud to contribute to global knowledge as our Open Educational Resources are mostly accessed from outside the African continent. This module was developed as part of a diploma and degree program in Applied Computer Science, in collaboration with 18 African partner institutions from 16 countries. A total of 156 modules were developed or translated to ensure availability in English, French and Portuguese. These modules have also been made available as open education resources (OER) on oer.avu.org. On behalf of the African Virtual University and our patron, our partner institutions, the African Development Bank, I invite you to use this module in your institution, for your own education, to share it as widely as possible and to participate actively in the AVU communities of practice of your interest. We are committed to be on the frontline of developing and sharing Open Educational Resources. The African Virtual University (AVU) is a Pan African Intergovernmental Organization established by charter with the mandate of significantly increasing access to quality higher education and training through the innovative use of information communication technologies. A Charter, establishing the AVU as an Intergovernmental Organization, has been signed so far by nineteen (19) African Governments - Kenya, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Tanzania, Mozambique, Democratic Republic of Congo, Benin, Ghana, Republic of Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, South Sudan, Sudan, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Ethiopia and Cape Verde. The following institutions participated in the Applied Computer Science Program: (1) Université d’Abomey Calavi in Benin; (2) Université de Ougagadougou in Burkina Faso; (3) Université Lumière de Bujumbura in Burundi; (4) Université de Douala in Cameroon; (5) Université de Nouakchott in Mauritania; (6) Université Gaston Berger in Senegal; (7) Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako in Mali (8) Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration; (9) Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Ghana; (10) Kenyatta University in Kenya; (11) Egerton University in Kenya; (12) Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia (13) University of Rwanda; (14) University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania; (15) Universite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey in Niger; (16) Université Cheikh Anta Diop in Senegal; (17) Universidade Pedagógica in Mozambique; and (18) The University of the Gambia in The Gambia. Bakary Diallo The Rector African Virtual University 2 Production Credits Author Thadee Gatera Peer Reviewer Ashenafi Kassahun AVU - Academic Coordination Dr. Marilena Cabral Overall Coordinator Applied Computer Science Program Prof Tim Mwololo Waema Module Coordinator Robert Oboko Instructional Designers Elizabeth Mbasu Benta Ochola Diana Tuel Media Team Sidney McGregor Michal Abigael Koyier Barry Savala Mercy Tabi Ojwang Edwin Kiprono Josiah Mutsogu Kelvin Muriithi Kefa Murimi Victor Oluoch Otieno Gerisson Mulongo 3 Network Adminstration Copyright Notice This document is published under the conditions of the Creative Commons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Module Template is copyright African Virtual University licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. CC-BY, SA Supported By AVU Multinational Project II funded by the African Development Bank. 4 Table of Contents Foreword 2 Production Credits 3 Copyright Notice 4 Supported By 4 Course Overview 11 Welcome to Network Administration 11 Prerequisites 11 Materials 11 Course Goals 11 Units 12 Readings and Other Resources 14 Unit 0 Pre-Assessment 17 Unit Introduction 17 Unit Objectives 17 Key Terms 17 Learning Activities 18 1 Overview 18 Conclusion 18 Feedback 18 Computer network types 19 Feedback 21 Computer network topologies 21 Feedback 24 Computer network models 24 Feedback 25 Conclusion 25 Grading scheme 25 Feedback 25 5 Network Adminstration Unit Readings and Other Resources 26 Unit 1. Introduction 27 Unit Introduction 27 Unit Objectives 27 Key Terms 27 Learning Activities 28 MOTIVATION 28 Conclusion 29 Feedback 29 DOMAIN ACTIVITIES 29 Conclusion 30 Feedback 30 NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR PROFILE 30 Conclusion 31 Feedback 31 ETHICAL ASPECT 31 Conclusion 32 Feedback 32 LEGAL ASPECT 32 Conclusion 33 Feedback 33 Grading scheme 34 Feedback 34 Unit Readings and Other Resources 35 Unit 2 : Network Services 36 Unit Introduction 36 Unit Objectives 36 Key Terms 36 Learning Activities 37 6 NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT) 37 Conclusion 38 Feedback 38 DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP) 38 Conclusion 41 Feedback 42 DOMAIN NAME SERVICE (DNS) 42 Conclusion 45 Feedback 45 WEB SERVER 45 Conclusion 46 Feedback 47 MAIL SERVER 47 Conclusion 48 Feedback 48 FILE AND PRINT SERVER. 48 Conclusion 49 Grading scheme 50 Feedback 50 Unit Readings and Other Resources 50 Unit 3 : Network management Tools 51 Unit Introduction 51 Unit Objectives 51 Key Terms 51 Learning Activities 52 ADMINISTRATION ARCHITECTURE 52 Conclusion 56 Feedback 56 ADMINISTRATION VIA WWW. 56 Conclusion 56 7 Network Adminstration Feedback 57 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL 57 Conclusion 62 Grading scheme 63 Feedback 63 Unit Readings and Other Resources 64 Unit 4 Secure Hardware And Application 65 Unit Introduction 65 Unit Objectives 65 Key Terms 65 Learning Activities 66 SECURITY PLANNING 66 Conclusion 68 Feedback 68 IDENTIFY ASSETS 69 DETERMINE VULNERABILITIES 70 ESTIMATE LIKELIHOOD OF A RISK 70 COMPUTE EXPECTED LOSS 70 SURVEY AND CONTROL NEW CONTROLS 71 PROJECT SAVING 71 Conclusion 71 Feedback 71 MISCONCEPTION 72 Conclusion 73 Feedback 73 Conclusion 74 Feedback 75 Grading scheme 75 Feedback 76 Unit Readings and Other Resources 77 8 Unit 5: Maintenance And Troubleshooting 78 Unit Introduction 78 Unit Objectives 78 Key Terms 78 Learning Activities 79 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE 79 Conclusion 80 Feedback 80 MAINTENANCE TASKS 80 SCOPE OF NETWORK MAINTENANCE 80 Conclusion 81 Feedback 82 POLICY AND SCHEDULES OF MAINTENANCE 82 MAINTENANCE POLICY 82 Conclusion 83 Feedback 83 NETWORK DOCUMENTATION 83 DOCUMENT DETAILS 83 Conclusion 84 Feedback 85 BACKUP AND DISASTER RECOVERY 85 Conclusion 87 Feedback 87 MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS 87 Conclusion 87 Feedback 88 Grading scheme 88 Feedback 89 Unit Readings and Other Resources 90 Unit 6 LAB WORK 91 9 Network Adminstration Introduction 91 Unit objectives 91 Learning activities 91 Network Interface Card 91 ICMP Protocol 91 Address Resolution Protocol 92 DHCP Server configuration 92 Nagios tool 92 Nagios setup on a computer 92 Module Readings and Other Resources 95 10 Course Overview Course Overview Welcome to Network Administration This course is senior module within the Applied computer science program of the African Virtual University. It aims to provide in-depth knowledge in computer network technology and Communication by exploring the network administration. Network administration in any organization is in a charge of operation that involves IT infrastructure. With the convergence of computer networks and telecommunications networks, network administration work has also evolved tremendously and has become more demanding. This module encloses all the aspects needed for a network administrator to be well equipped. Having a network put in place, the administrator has is required to understand; legal aspects for network administration, ethical conduct for the network administrator, network services run on your network to enable provision of IT service(s), administration services, securing both hardware and application as well as maintenance and troubleshooting the network. Prerequisites As prerequisite to this module one must have knowledge of the following modules: • Fundamentals of computer. • Data communication and Computer networks. • Operating system administration. • Computer security. Materials The materials required to complete this course are: • A personal computer installed with Windows/Linux. • MySQL database. • Apache web server and PHP. • Browser software. • Access to network. Course Goals At the end of this course, the student should be able to demonstrate the technical and administrative skills that enable him/her to manage networks in all levels of IT companies. 11 Network Adminstration Units Unit 0: Pre- Assessment This module is a senior module. To successfully follow a student must have sufficient knowledge in fundamentals of computers, data communication and networks, operating system administration as well as network security. Unit 1: Introduction This is an introductory unit which talks about network administration in general, responsibilities of network administrator, ethical and legal issues concerning network administrator. Unit 2: Network Services This discusses some network services that put value to the network and saves energy as well as resources of the user and organization. Unit 3: Network Management tools This part includes the network administration architecture and tools that manage and monitor the life of network connected compone Unit 4: Securing hardware and application This unit entails all details for ensuring a possible secure network starting from the plan and identifying physical vulnerabilities. Unit 5: Maintenance and troubleshooting This unit tackles maintenance,