PROGR AM Designing an effective Air Quality Management (AQM) plan for a city requires robust data on levels of pollution, affected areas, source contributors, peaking trends and possible control mechanisms. The Air Pollution Knowledge Assessment (APnA) City Program seeks to make this database available and also serve as a starting point for understanding air pollution. The program, implemented by Urban Emissions and facilitated by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, seeks to create a comprehen- sive, city-specific information pool by pulling together data from disparate sources, surveys, mapping and atmospheric modeling. Policy options based on this information, and their implementation, 3 would be the effective next steps in improving the air quality of our ➜ Modeled annual average PM2.5 concentration (2018) μg/m For urban Nashik, average PM2.5 concentration was 46.0 ± cities. 18.6 μg/m3. This is within the national standard (40) but over four times the WHO guideline (10). 46.0 PM2.5 μg/m3 Agartala / Agra / Ahmedabad / Allahabad / Amritsar / THE AIR POLLUTION Asansol / Aurangabad / Bengaluru / Bhopal / ➜ Air monitoring infrastructure KNOWLEDGE Bhubaneswar / Chandigarh / Chennai / Coimbatore / Dehradun / Dhanbad / Dharwad-Hubli / Gaya / ASSESSMENT (APnA) Guwahati-Dispur / Gwalior / Hyderabad / Imphal / CITY PROGRAM Indore / Jaipur / Jamshedpur / Jodhpur / Kanpur / Kochi 4 1 17 / Kolkata / Kota / Lucknow / Ludhiana / Madurai / Mumbai / Muzaffarpur / Nagpur / Nashik / Panjim / Patna / Puducherry / Pune / Raipur / Rajkot / Ranchi / Shimla / Srinagar / Surat / Thiruvananthapuram / MANUAL STATIONS CONTINUOUS STATIONS REQUIRED STATIONS Tiruchirapalli / Vadodara / Varanasi / Vijayawada / Visakhapatnam ➜ Annual averages from the national ambient monitoring program (2011–2015) µg/m3 PM10 SO2 NO2 84.5 ± 35.8 23.7 ± 6.3 26.4 ± 4.6 NASHIK The city’s PM2.5 concentration is over four ➜ Trend in PM2.5 concentrations, based on satellite observations and global model simulations (1998–2016) µg/m3 times the WHO standards. Industry and dust are the primary contributors. PM2.5 India Standard WHO guideline For detailed information on Nashik Air Quality, visit www.urbanemissions.info/india-apna PM2.5 concentration : source-wise percentage share in 2018 Contributions from outside the urban airshed 12.1% TRANSPORT 6.6% 39.1% RESIDENTIAL BRICK KILN 15.8% INDUSTRIAL 0.9% ➜ Global Human Settlements (GHS) built-up area 13.2% 3.6% 8.7% Urban areas in India are growing at a rapid rate. Using satellite DIESEL GENSET observations derived Global Human Settlements (GHS) database, we can map the spatial footprint of a city over time. The map above DUST shows the increase in built-up area between 1990 and 2014. An Note increase in built-up area usually means greater construction This figure shows how each source, within as well outside the city, contributed to the PM2.5 concentration in the air. Emission (table below) is how much pollutant a source gives out. Concentration is how much of activity, intra-city transport, waste generation, and overall energy that pollutant actually stays in the air. Multiple factors work to either disperse or concentrate pollutants demand. in a region. For example, a coastal city could have several brick kilns emitting tons of PM2.5. Yet the kilns’ contribution to the PM2.5 concentration in the region could be low because of the land breeze carrying the smoke from the tall chimneys to the sea. To know how source concentration is calculated please visit the Urban land-use planning and provision of public transportation WASTE APnA city website. services is essential to address air pollution for cities in the future. The graph below charts average speed of traffic by hour for everyday of the week within the city. As expected, speeds are PM2.5 emissions : source-wise share in tons in 2018 and 2030 (projected) greater at night and on Sundays and slows at peak times during the week. This is a summary of data extracted using Google Maps API services. ➜ Hourly urban traffic speeds 1,950 1,000 18,000 2,900 950 500 1,050 3,500 700 19,200 4,100 950 650 1,050 Total emissions in 2018 = 26,350 tons Total emissions in 2030 = 30,150 tons .