NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 i ii iii A newspaper is a collection of half-injustices Which, bawled by boys from mile to mile, Spreads its curious opinion To a million merciful and sneering men, While families cuddle the joys of the fireside When spurred by tale of dire lone agony. A newspaper is a court Where every one is kindly and unfairly tried By a squalor of honest men. A newspaper is a market Where wisdom sells its freedom And melons are crowned by the crowd. A newspaper is a game Where his error scores the player victory While another's skill wins death. A newspaper is a symbol; It is feckless life's chronicle, A collection of loud tales Concentrating eternal stupidities, That in remote ages lived unhaltered, Roaming through a fenceless world. A poem by Stephen crane iv g{|á à{xá|á |á wxw|vtàxw àÉ Åç uxÄÉäxw ÑtÜxÇàá? ytÅ|Äç tÇw yÜ|xÇwá‹ TÇw àÉ tÄÄ à{x ÑxÉÑÄx ã{É Üxtw à{|á‹ v STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declared that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, September 21, 2010 The Writer MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 vi LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Meita Estiningsih Nomor Mahasiswa : 044214102 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Yogyakarta, 21 September 2010 Yang menyatakan (MEITA ESTININGSIH) vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to thank God Almighty for helping me and guiding me during the process of the thesis, and for answering my prayers in His way. I would like to thank my parents and my family for supporting me all these past six years. Without them, I could not afford to finish my study. I dedicate this thesis to them. My best gratitude is especially for aunty Tarti and uncle Pudjioto for supporting my study finance. In addition, I would like to thank my advisor Adventina Putranti, S.S., M. Hum. and my co-advisor Anna Fitriati, S.Pd., M.Hum. for their patient in guiding me and giving me some useful and clever advice for this thesis. I thank for their guidance, advices, and time that they gave to finish this study. I also thank Tempo Jakarta, Indonesian Visual Art Archive, Kolese St. Ignatius, and Sanata Dharma University library for the references of this study. I also thank Yoshi Fajar Kresnomurti of IVAA as my informal advisor and Prandika Yudhistira as my personal motivator and for giving me such care and love. In addition, I thank Keke for lending me a digital dictionary. I thank my friends at English Letters department, Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University, Christian University of Duta Wacana, Aksara IVAA, Dhyastra boarding house and Beo 20, and my friends of Mitra Perpus Sadhar, also Gayam 16 for loving me and giving such courage, attention, and care. Meita Estiningsih viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................... iii MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................ iv DEDICATION PAGE ...................................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ......................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. viii LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND TABLES ........................................................... x ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xi ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulations ....................................................................... 6 C. Objectives of the Study ..................................................................... 7 D. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ................................................ 9 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................ 9 B. Review of Related Theories .............................................................. 12 1. News as Discourse ...................................................................... 12 2. Critical Discourse Analysis (Critical Linguistics Approach)...... 13 3. Representation ............................................................................. 27 4. Ideology ...................................................................................... 29 C. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................... 30 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 32 A. Object of the Study ........................................................................... 32 B. Approach of the Study ...................................................................... 33 C. Method of the Study .......................................................................... 34 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 36 A. The Analysis on the Vocabularies’ Meaning Related to the Context of the Fall of Suharto in the Article of “After Suharto” in NEWSWEEK and “End of an Era” in TIME...................................... 37 1. The Analysis on the Vocabularies in “After Suharto” Article .... 39 2. The Analysis on the Vocabularies in “end of an Era” Article .... 74 ix B. Representation of the Fall of Suharto Event in “After Suharto” and “End of an Era” ................................................................................. 102 1. The Representation of the Fall of Suharto Event in “After Suharto ........................................................................................ “ 102 2. The Representation of the Fall of Suharto Event in “End of an Era” ............................................................................................. 105 C. News ideology Constructed through the Representation of the Fall of Suharto Event in “After Suharto” and “End of an Era” ................ 110 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 121 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 126 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 130 Appendix 1 .............................................................................................. 130 Appendix 2 .............................................................................................. 157 x LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND TABLES Diagram 1. The Example of Vocabularies Taxonomical Structures .................... 21 Diagram 2. The Diagram of the Representation Process in “After Suharto” ....... 111 Diagram 3. The Diagram of the Representation Process in “End of an Era” ....... 115 Table 1. The Example of Vocabulary Choices ...................................................... 22 Table 2. The Comparison Table of the Fall of Suharto Representation between “After Suharto” and “End of an Era” article .......................................................... 108 xi ABSTRACT MEITA ESTININGSIH (2010). News Ideology of Suharto’s Fall Event in “After