DERWENT VALLEY MILLS DERWENT VALLEY 100 The Derwent Valley 100 95 95 75 The Valley that changed the World 75 25 DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE 25 5 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 5 0 0 Edited by David Knight Inscriptions on UNESCO's SITE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK WORLD HERITAGE prestigious World Heritage List are based on detailed research into the sites' evolution and histories. The role of research does not end with the presentation of the nomination or indeed the inscription itself, which is rst and foremost a starting point. UNESCO believes that continuing research is also central to the preservation and interpretation of all such sites. I therefore wholeheartedly welcome the publication of this document, which will act as a springboard for future investigation. Dr Mechtild Rössler, Director of the UNESCO Division for Heritage and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre 100 100 95 95 75 75 ONIO MU IM N R D T IA A L P W L O A I 25 R 25 D L D N H O E M R E I T I N A O GE IM 5 PATR 5 United Nations Derwent Valley Mills Educational, Scientific and inscribed on the World 0 Cultural Organisation Heritage List in 2001 0 Designed and produced by Derbyshire County Council, County Hall, Matlock Derbyshire DE4 3AG Research Framework cover spread print 17 August 2016 14:18:36 100 100 95 95 DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE 75 75 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 25 25 5 Edited by David Knight 5 0 0 Watercolour of Cromford, looking upstream from the bridge across the River Derwent, painted by William Day in 1789. Lead workings, which were demolished during the construction of Arkwright's St Mary's Chapel in 1797, emphasise the depth of industrial tradition that preceded construction between 1771 and 1790 of Arkwright's Cromford mill complex (© Buxton Museum and Art Gallery) 100 100 95 95 75 75 25 http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/derwent-valley-mills-history/derwent-valley-mills-research-framework 25 5 5 0 0 Title, Illos, Contents, Foreword & Preface print 11 August 2016 12:18:28 100 100 95 95 Published 2016 by the Derwent Valley Mills Partnership, County Hall, Matlock, Derbyshire, DE4 3AG 75 75 © The Derwent Valley Mills Partnership ISBN 978-0–9541940–7–9 25 25 5 5 0 0 ‘So now, where Derwent guides his dusky oods Through vaulted mountains, and a night of woods, The Nymph, Gossypia, treads the velvet sod, And warms with rosy smiles the wat'ry God; His ponderous oars to slender spindles turns, And pours o'er massy wheels his foamy urns; With playful charms her hoary lover wins, And wields his trident - while the Monarch spins. First with nice eye emerging Naiads cull From leathery pods the vegetable wool; With wiry teeth revolving cards release The tangled knots, and smooth the ravell'd eece; Next moves the iron-hand with ngers ne, Combs the wide card, and forms the eternal line; Slow with soft lips, the whirling Can acquires The tender skeins and wraps in rising spires; With quicken'd pace successive rollers move, 100 And these retain, and those extend, the rove; 100 Then y the spoles, the rapid axles glow; 95 95 And slowly circumvolves the labouring wheel below.’ 75 75 Erasmus Darwin 1791 The Botanic Garden. Part II. The Loves of the Plants 25 Top: Portrait of Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) by Joseph Wright (oil on canvas; 1792–3; © Derby Museums Trust) 25 5 5 0 0 2 Title, Illos, Contents, Foreword & Preface print 11 August 2016 12:18:29 Contents 100 100 95 95 CONTENTS 75 75 List of illustrations .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 4 25 5 Foreword by Duncan Wilson 5 Chief Executive, Historic England ................................................................................................................................. 6 0 0 Preface by Councillor Ellie Wilcox Chair, Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Steering Group, Derbyshire County Council ...................................... 7 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Managing the World Heritage Site .............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Why do we need a research framework? ................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Spatial and chronological scope .................................................................................................................. 13 1.5 Stakeholder consultations ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.6 Developing the Agenda ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.7 Dening the Strategy ................................................................................................................................... 15 1.8 Reviewing the Agenda and Strategy ............................................................................................................ 16 2 Building the Research Foundations ................................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Developing the information base ................................................................................................................ 18 2.2 Enhancing the archive resource .................................................................................................................. 19 2.3 Improving communications ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.4 Palaeoenvironmental resource ................................................................................................................... 20 3 The Research Agenda and Strategy ............................................................................................................... 22 4 Strategic Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 34 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.1 Agenda Theme 1. Changing interpretations of the Derwent Valley ........................................................... 37 4.2 Agenda Theme 2. Industry, trade and settlement before the factory system ............................................. 43 4.3 Agenda Theme 3. The Enlightenment ........................................................................................................ 48 4.4 Agenda Theme 4. The low-carbon industrial revolution ............................................................................ 53 4.5 Agenda Theme 5. Industrial metamorphosis: the 19th to 21st centuries ...................................................... 58 4.6 Agenda Theme 6. The factory owners, landed gentry and middle classes ................................................. 62 4.7 Agenda Theme 7. The urban and rural labour force .................................................................................. 68 4.8 Agenda Theme 8. Transport, power and public utilities ............................................................................. 73 4.9 Agenda Theme 9. The built environment ................................................................................................... 77 4.10 Agenda Theme 10. Landscape and environment ........................................................................................ 82 4.11 Agenda Theme 11. National and global impacts ......................................................................................... 87 5 Derbyshire Archive Collections ....................................................................................................................... 92 6 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 101 7 Key Web Resources .......................................................................................................................................... 116 8 Glossary of Terms Used in the Text ................................................................................................................ 121 100 100 95 9 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... 122 95 75 75 Front and back covers: Prospect of Derby, painted around 1725 by an unknown artist, showing the Derby Silk Mill on the right bank of 25 the River Derwent (oil on canvas; © Derby Museums Trust) 25 5 5 0 0 3 Pages 3 5 & 8 17 August 2016 14:33:55 Illustrations 100 100 95 95 ILLUSTRATIONS 75 75 Preliminary pages: 25 25 Watercolour of Cromford by William Day, looking upstream from the bridge across the River Derwent ...................................... 1 Portrait of Erasmus Darwin by Joseph Wright .................................................................................................................................. 2 5 5 Vertical section of the strata looking