DOCUMENT RESUME ED -ill 394 IR 002 450 / AUTHOR Patel, Jisubhai Z. TITLE Evolving. a.Model LearningResodrce Center for a ,Developing, Country (Zambia).. , PUB, DATE 72 "NOTE 177p.; Ph.D. Dissertation,Wayne State University' EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$9.51 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS *Developing Nations; EducationalResources; Educational$Specifications;,EducationalTechnology;, Educational Television; FacilityPlanning; ,Information - Dissemination; *_nstructidnalMaterials Centers; Instructional Media; MediaResearch; Models; National Programs; Personnel Needs;Resource Centers; School Libraries, IDENTIFIERS' Zambia ABSTRACT ' For a developing nation sucha Zambia, quality education, utilization ofmanpower, and proper training are priority problems. Therefore a studywas conducted to establish and document the need for a,well-planned, staffed'andexecuted learning resource center to solve some of that country'slearning problems. BasiC facts about,the country of Zambiawere collected. A review of the literature and a survey,of*learningresources center organization and development in developed countrieswas conducted. Based on the identified needs of the countryof Zambia, a basic philosophy gathered from the literature, andthe experiences of developed countries, a'detailedplan for a phased program to establisha learning-resource center for Zambiawas prepared. Recommendations included means of developinga phrlosophic base, purpose, organizational *structure, plan,program, personnel, physical facilities, and time line ofevents. A bibliography is appended. (SK) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC includemany informal unpublished * materials.not available from othersources. EPIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encounteredand this affects the. quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductionsERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service(EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of theoriginal document. Reproductions* * supplied by EARS are the'best thatcan be made from the original. *********************************************************************** EVOLVING A MODEL LEARNINGRESOURCE CENTER - FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY (ZAMBIA) by Jasubhai J. Patel U S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH. EDUCATION WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT DISSERTATION HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS THE PERSON OR RECEIVED FROM ATING IT POINTSORGANIZATION OF ORIGIN VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT SENT OFFICIAL NATIONALNECESSARILY REPRE INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITIONOR POLICY Submitted to the Office forGraduate Studies, Graduate Division of WayneState University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 1972 MAJOR: INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY APPROVED BY: 4.) 7/ --2Aq(# ,..9ser- , e.deolget '41' 1441°Adm , , ( 1/ y i e -I ..,r ,. l..4k, _ PENMiSSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY- BIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY */ ,--- 7asi26_1) D.. ? el TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL IN- STITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRO RUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM RE QUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT \\ OWNER Copyright by I JASUBHAI J. PATEL 1972 A. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A-work of this kind can hardly be achieved singlehanded. I would like to take,this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude,to many friends and well wishers who helped me, guidedme, provided comments and suggestions, enthused me, and kept me going through thislong and ard0ous proCess. My advisers, Dr. John Childs and Dr. Thomas Burford,went far be- , yond their role of advisers. They,were my "friends", "philosophers",and "guides". 2 My Advisory Committee members,Dr. James l'intera and Dr. slack Warfield, took a keen interest in this study, providedcomments, sugges- tions and information tomake the study useful. Mr. George Crank, Acting Chief, Teacher EducationSection, UNESCO,, seconded my proposal for thisstudy and suppliedme with up-to-date infor- , mation on mbia and reports, of UNESCO's work in other developingcoun- tries. The late Dr. James McPherson,Presid 4Elect, ACCT, International Division, took a great interest in this study andgave useful suggestions and information. Mr. Michael Guido, Chief, Training Branch, ManpowerDe-' velopment Division, U.S.A.I.D., supplied informative materialregarding U.S.A.I.D., assistlnce to developingcountries, Mrs, Florence Thomason spared time 6om het busyschedule to commenton my proposal. My frien Dr. Michael Suckley,was helpful to me in a number of ways during my study. Mrs. Colene Childs andDr. Tom Monahgl did dfine job of proof reading. Jonathan McDuffy helped me with charts. Lynne Schwab did a fine job of typing. Many other friends helped me in this study, directly or indirectly. Last, but not least, Dr. Theodore Rice andChandos Rice were a constant source of inspiration and tooka'great interest in this study. On occasion when my spirits were low, they enlivenedme. ^-.. I.am deeply indebted to my understanlIng wife,Kusum, my sons, . Mukesh and Rakesh, and my daughters, Mayuri andSheetal, for all their sacrifidand theirwonderful support. But for them this study would not have seen light of the-1day. 111 lS TABLEOF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I: Introduction to the Study What Is a Developing Country?' 2 Problems of Developing Countries . 2 Attempts To Solve the.Problems 4 One of the Possible Solutions 4 The Need for Study 6 Situation in 'Zambia 7 Learning Resource Center fbr Zambia 7 'Purpose of the Study S Definition of Terms 9 Assumptions -' 10 Reasons for Selecting Zambia for This,StUdy 10 Limitations of the Study 10 Methodology 12 Phase I 12 Phase II . 13 Phase III .13 Phase IV 13 'Phase V 15 Summary '15 CHAPTER II: Basic Facts About theCountry: Zambia '- Introduction 16 Geography of Zambia 17 Economy \18 Education in Zambia 21 The Colonial Period, 1924-1953 2f\,... Early Education 21 Systems of Education in 1925 22 Education After World War II 24 The Federation Period, 1953-1964 25 The Pe'riod of Independence, 1964 25 Administrative Organization 26 Types of Schools 28 Growth in Education 28 Educational Structure 30 Primary Education (Elementary Education) 34'' Secondary Education 31 Post Secondary and Higher Educdtion 32 Teacher Training . 33 Technical, Vocational and CommercialEddcation 33 , Agriculture 34 iv 7" Correspondence Course 34 Educational Services 34 o Trends and Problems ' , 36 Education in Zambia TOday andTomorrow . 37 Foreign Ajd 0 , 4 ,. 50 BritishAid 51 American Aid , '51 . UNESCO's Contrilquti:on Toward Education in Africk, 53 MuSeums-and Libraries ' 56 Communication . I, 56 L . Training of Technicians , -57 " Regional Centers 57 UNESCO's Contribution in ZambianEducation ) 58 1 Training of Secondary SchoolTeachOrs at University of 7iatnbi .a \-- 60 Contribution 61 Summary ,, C 61 CHAPTER III:. Review of SelectedLiterature Definition of "Developing Nations"and Learning 65 Resource Center . Use of Instructional Media in Developing Countries 67 Learning Resource Centers inDeveloping Countries 71 Zambia's.Pressing Needs ) 73 Foreign Ho,lp for Development 74 Summary 75 CHAPTER IV: ,Learnin ResourceCenters in Developed Countries Philosophy of Learning Resource Center 79 Purpose for a Learning Resource Center * 84 Functions and Servi.ces of LearningResource Center 84 Organization and Management of LearningResource Center 90 Media Director 92 Mediat,Specialist 98 Clerical Personnel: 99 Summary , 99 CHAPTER V: Recommendations Regarding Plan andProgram of Proposed Model Learning Resource Center Why a Learning Resource Centerfor Zambia? A Proposed Philosophic Base 104 To Facilitate Communication ofIdeas 104 To Provide (Witty Education 105 To Reduce the Cost of Quality Education 105 To Individualize Instruction 105 To Update Instructors 106- To Produce InstructionalMaterial 106 i To Evaluate and ValidateInstructional Material 106 To Centralize the Purchase ofInstructional Material 106 To Maintain the Instructional Material 106 t VA. What a Learning Resource Center Can Do for Zambian Functions 107 For Updating Zambian Teachers-In-service Training 107 For Pre-Service Trairiing of Teachers 103 For Orienting Untrained, Up, Teachers 108 For Facilitating Instruction 109 For Curriculum Development 109 For Centralizing the Purchase of .Compatible Instructional Material' 109 For Better Maintenance of Instructioni0 Material 110 For Maximum Utilization ... 110, For Evaluating and Adapting Instructional Material 110 For Production of Material Suited to the Needs and Culture of the Ccintry / '110 For Improvisation of Instructional Material 111 For SpecialbCarg in Storage and Retrieval 111- For Effective -Raintenance 112 .Recommendation'l. An, Effective Organizational Structure Should Be CreAted at-the National Level t 114 Retommendation 2. A Rrovincial Level 641ementtngBody, Be Established 1,20 Recommendation 3. A School Level Committee Be Created . - as the Actual Usefs Level Body 4 ' 123 Recommendation 4. A National' Level Learnilg Resource Center Should Be Established 124 What Will the National Learning Resounce C9ter Do? 126 What Will the Staff Requirements of tie National Center . Be? . 127, Qualifications- and Job Descriptionofflajor.Adminis- trational Supervisory Personnel 128 i National Director . 128 .s, Qualifications:(National Director) 131 -Assistant Director 132, Production Coordinator 132 His Qualifications 133' Inssemlnation art Utilization Coordinator 7 133 Hi S Qualifications 134 Purchase Manager 134