TurkJZool 26(2002)371-376 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle Coccid(Homoptera:Coccoidea)SpeciesofIspartaProvince,and TheirParasitoidsfromTurkeyandGeorgia G.JAPOSHVILI,‹.KARACA AgriculturalFaculty,SüleymanDemirelUniversity,Isparta-TURKEY Received:13.02.2002 Abstract: AlistofcoccidsdistributedinIspartaprovince(Turkey)isgiveninthispaper.TheirparasitoidsdeterminedinIspartaand previouslyreportedfromTurkeyandGeorgiaarealsodiscussed.AsaresultofthesurveystudiesperformedinJune-November, 2001,21speciesofcoccidswerefoundondifferenthostplantsinIspartaprovince.From16ofthesecoccids,19speciesof parasitoidswereobtained.Thesimilarityindexoftwocountriesintermsoftheircoccidparasitoidsfaunawas0.635. KeyWords: Scaleinsects,parasiticHymenoptera,similarityindex Isparta‹lindeBulunanCoccid(Homoptera:Coccoidea)TürleriveBunlar›nTürkiyeve Gürcistan’dakiParazitoitleri Özet: Bumakalede,Ispartailindebulunancoccidtürlerilistehalindeverilmifltir.Ayr›cabunlar›nIspartailindebelirlenenparazitoitleri ileTürkiyeveGürcistan’dandahaöncebildirilenparazitoitleribirlikteeleal›naraktart›fl›lm›flt›r.Haziran-Kas›m,2001tari hleri aras›ndayap›lansörveyçal›flmalar›sonucundaildede¤iflikbitkilerüzerinde21coccidtürüsaptanm›flt›r.Sözkonusubucoccidlerin16 adedinden19parazitoittürüeldeedilmifltir.Parazitoitfaunas›aç›s›ndanbuikiülkearas›ndakibenzerlikindeksi0.635olara k hesaplanm›flt›r. AnahtarSözcükler: Kabuklubitler,asalakHymenoptera,benzerlikindeksi Introduction MaterialsandMethods Becauseofitsgeographicallocationbetweenthe Coccidsamplesonvarioushostplantswerecollected MediterraneanandCentralAnatoliaregionsandinalake fromdifferentlocationsinIspartaprovince,between district,Ispartaprovincehasahighfloristicdiversity.A JuneandNovember2001.Parasitoidswereobtained varietyofagriculturalcropssuchaspomeandstone fromtheirhostcoccidsbygenerallyacceptedmethods fruits,grapes,oilroseandvegetablescanbegrowninthe (1).Inaddition,parasitoidsfromTurkeyandGeorgiaof province.Manykindsofinsectspeciescanbefoundon coccidsfoundinIspartaprovinceweredeterminedbya theseplants.Amongthese,coccidsarecommonand detailedliteraturesearchandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwo importantpests.Thisgroupofinsectsareknowntohave regionsweredeterminedbytheJaccardformulaof lotsofparasitoidsfromdifferenttaxa.Todayitis similarity,c/(a+b-c)(2,3),whereaisthenumberof importanttousenaturalenemiesagainstpests.Among speciesinonelocation,bisthenumberofspeciesina these,chalcids(Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea)arewidely secondlocation,andcisthenumberofspecieswhichare knownaseffectiveentomophagousinsects.However,no similarinbothlocations. investigationoncoccidsandtheirnaturalenemieshas beenperformedinthisregionbefore.Theaimofthis studywastodetermineCoccoideaincultivatedandnon- ResultsandDiscussion cultivatedareasandtheirparasitoidsinIspartaprovince. Twenty-onespeciesofcoccidsweredeterminedin Inaddition,parasitoidspeciespreviouslydeterminedin Ispartaprovince,alistofwhichispresentedbelowwith TurkeyandGeorgiawerealsoevaluatedandthe theirparasitoids. possibilitiesofusingthesenaturalenemiesinthe SuperfamilyCoccoidea biologicalcontrolofcoccidsinbothcountrieswere examined. FamilyPseudococcidae 371 Coccid(Homoptera:Coccoidea)SpeciesofIspartaProvince,andTheirParasitoidsfromTurkeyandGeorgia GenusPlanococcus Ferrier andPachyneuronmuscarum,someofwhichcanbeused 1.Planococcusvovae (Nassonov) aseffectivebioagents(7). Thisspecieswasfoundoncypressandjuniper. GenusRhodococcus Borchsenius Infestationwasquitehigh(80%)andnoparasitoid 6.Rhodococcusperornatus (Cockerell&Parrott) relatedwiththisspecieswasfound.Therewasnodata ThisscaleinsectwasfirstlyreportedfromTurkeyin aboutthispestinGeorgia. 2001(8)anditsdistributionandeconomicalimportance FamilyKermesidae areincreasingdaybyday. R.perornatus isveryharmful GenusKermes Boitard foroilroseplantationsinIspartaprovince.However,itis parasitisedonlybyonespecies, Microterysbellae,which 2.Kermesvermilio (Planchon) wasrecordedforthefirsttimefromTurkeyin2001(9). Thisspecieswasrecordedonoaktrees.Inthisstudy thiscoccidwasfoundtobeparasitizedbythespeciesnr. GenusSphaerolecanium Sulc genusSaulea Sugonjaev. 7.Sphaerolecaniumprunastri Fonscolombe FamilyCoccidae Thisspecieswasfoundonplum.InIspartaprovinceit GenusPulvinaria Targioni-Tozzetti wasfoundtobeparasitizedbythefollowingspecies: Coccophaguslycimnia and C.proximusspartanus 3.Pulvinariabetulae (Linnaeus) (Aphelinidae)(10,11); Discodescoccophagus and ItwasfoundonwillowinE¤irdirdistrict,andwas Cerapterocerusmirabilis (Encyrtidae);and Pachyneuron parasitisedby Coccophaguslycimnia .Parasitizationin muscarum (Pteromalidae)(12).Besidesthesespecies, Turkeywasdeterminedforthefirsttime.InGeorgia, otherknownparasitoidsofthispestfromTurkeyare therearealsoparasitoidsofthishostfromChalcidoidea: Microteryshortulanus (13), Metaphycusinsidiosus , M. Eusemioncornigerum , Encyrtusswederi , Coccophagus dispar (6),andM.silvestri (Encyrtidae)(14).InGeorgia, semicircularis andparasitizationratewasquitehigh Mariettapicta , Coccophaguslycimnia , Coccophagus (68%)(4). differens and C.proximus (Aphelinidae); Discodes GenusEulecanium Cockerell coccophagus,Microteryshortulanus,Metaphycussilvestri 4.Eulecaniumtiliae (Linnaeus) and Cerapterocerusmirabilis (Encyrtidae);and Pachyneuronmuscarum (Pteromalidae)areknown Itwasfoundonapplebutisnotadangerouspest parasitoidsofS.prunastri (15). sincetheinfluenceofchemicalsonthisspeciesisrather high.ThereisnorecordedparasitoidfromTurkeyfor GenusCoccus Linnaeus thiscoccid.InGeorgiathispestishighlyparasitized 8.Coccushesperidum Linnaeus (92%)(4)andthereareseveraleffectiveparasitoids, Thisspecieswasfoundonash.Noparasitoidcouldbe suchasMicroterysduplicatus,Trichomasthusalbimanus, obtainedfromthesamplescollectedinIsparta,butin Blastothrixbritannica and Metaphycusdispar Turkeymanyparasitoidsofthispest(suchas (Encyrtidae). Coccophaguslycimnia (6,16,17)and C.scutellaris GenusParthenolecanium Sulc (Aphelinidae)(5); Encyrtuslecaniorum (6,14), 5.Parthenolecaniumcorni (Bouché) Metaphycusflavus (5,17),Microterystricoloricornis (16) Itwasfoundonhazelnut,ashandplum.Thispestis andTrichomasthusalbimanus (Encyrtidae)(5))havebeen potentiallydangerous.InTurkey,onlythechalcid recorded. Coccophaguslycimnia and C.scutellaris parasitoids Microteryslunatus (5)and Cerapterocerus (Aphelinidae),and Encyrtuslecaniorum , Microterys mirabilis (6)ofP.corni areknown.However,inGeorgia tricoloricornis, Mahelencyrtuscoccidiphagus and thispestwasheavilyinfestedbythefollowingparasitoids: Trichomasthusalbimanus (Encyrtidae)(7)areknown Microterysduplicatus , M.sylvius , Trichomasthus parasitoidsofthispestfromGeorgia.Theparasitization albimanus, Blastothrixlongipennis , Metaphycus rateinGeorgiareaches82%,whichisquitehigh(4). insidiosus, Coccophaguslycimnia , Cheiloneurusclaviger , 372 G.JAPOSHVILI,‹.KARACA FamilyDiaspididae mytilaspidis,Coccophagoidessimiles,Pteroptrixlauri and GenusLepidosaphes Shimer P.bicolor.Thisisthefirstreportontheparasitizationof thisspeciesfromTurkey. A.mytilaspidis (4)andP.lauri 9.Lepidosaphesmalicola Borchsenius (15)weretheparasitoidsfoundonthispestinGeorgia, Itwasfoundonroseandwalnut.Walnuttreesare withaverylowdegreeofparasitization. highlydamagedbythispestinIsparta.Itwasdetermined GenusDiaspidiotus Berlese&Leonardi tobeparasitizedbyAphytismytilaspidis.Aphytislibanicus and Coccobiustestaceus (Aphelinidae)(17)areother 14.Diaspidiotusprunorum (Laing) knownparasitoidsofthispestfromTurkey.InGeorgia Itwasfoundonplumandwasheavilyparasitisedby thispestwasrecordedtobeparasitizedbyAphytisproclia Aphytisproclia (Aphelinidae).Parasitisationofthisspecies and Coccobiustestaceus (Aphelinidae),and Zaomma wasdeterminedforTurkeyforthefirsttime.From lambinus andEpitetrachnemuszetterstedtii (Encyrtidae). Georgiaknownparasitoidsofthispestare Ablerus Theparasitizationratewashigh(62%)(4). atomon,Pteroptrixlauri,Coccophagoidessimiles (15),A. 10.Lepidosaphesulmi Linnaeus celsus, Aphytisproclia , A.aonidia eand Coccobius testaceus.TheparasitizationrateinGeorgiawas36% ItwasfoundonwillowinE¤irdirandtheparasitoid (4). Aphytismytilaspidis (Aphelinidae)wasobtainedfromthe samples.Otherparasitoidsofthispestrecordedfrom 15.Diaspidiotusostreaformis (Curtis) Turkeywere Encarsiacitrinus , Ableruscelsus and Itwasfoundonplanetree.Thepopulationlevelwas Coccobiustestaceus (Aphelinidae); Epitetracnemus quitehigh,buttheparasitizationratewasalsohigh.The zetterstedtii and Zaommalambinus (Encyrtidae),and parasitoidsAphytismytilaspidis,Coccophagoidessimiles, Thysanusater (Signiphoridae)(18).InGeorgia,itis Ableruscelsus and Pteroptrixlauri (Aphelinidae),and recordedtobeparasitizedby Aphytismytilaspidis , Zaommalambinus (Encyrtidae)wereobtainedfromthe Encarsiaperniciosi , Encarsiacitrinus and Coccobius samples.ThisisthefirstreportfromTurkeyonthe testaceus (Aphelinidae);andEpitetracnemuszetterstedtii parasitizationofthisspecies.Onlyonespecies,Pteroptrix andZaommalambinus (Encyrtidae)(7,19). lauri,isknownastheparasitoidof D.ostreaformis from 11.Lepidosaphesnewsteadi (Sulc) Georgia(15),whichisadangerouspestforfruit Itwasfoundonpineandwasparasitizedby Encarsia plantations(4). leucaspidis, Aphytis sp.nr. phoenicus,and Parasaulea 16.Diaspidiotusperniciosus Comstock trjapitzin.Thisisthefirstrecordoftheparasitizationof Itwasfoundonwalnutandappleandwasparasitized thispestfromTurkey.L.newsteadihasnotbeen byAbleruscelsus andAphytisproclia.InTurkeythispest recordedfromGeorgiayet. wasrecordedtobeparasitizedby Aphytisaonidiae (21), GenusCarulaspis MacGillivray. A.hispanicus (17), A.melinus , A.mytilaspidis (5)and 12.Carulaspiscaruelii (Targioni-Tozzetti) Encarsiaperniciosi (22).Pteroptrixlauri,Encarsiacitrinus (4),andE.perniciosi (4,15)areknownparasitoidsofD.