.. (For official use on Iy) I GOVERNME1\.~ OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS REPORT ON INVENTORY OF FOREST RESOURCES OF KODAGU DISTRICT (KARNATAKA) FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA SOUTHERN ZONE BANGALORE 1995 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (For official use only) • ~ ~ GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS REPORT ON INVENTORY OF FOREST RESOURCES OF KODAGU DISTRICT (KARNATAKA) FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA SOUTHERN ZONE BANGALORE 1995 PREFACE The project of the Inventory of Forest Resources of Kodagu (Coorg) District of Karnataka was taken up during the year 1993-94 by the Forest Survey of India, Southern Zone, Bangalore with an objective to have both qualitative and quantitative data on forest resources of the district, which could be useful both for the State and National level planning processes. The report gives details regarding area inventoried, me~hodology, data processing and findings with regard to the forest resources of the district. The net forest area of the district is 1i920 sq.Kms. out of which tree forest area is 1,770 sq.Kms. Of the net forest area 75% is covered with dense to moderately dense forest and 15% is covered with open forest with canopy density 5 to 30%. Miscellaneous crop composition exists to the extent of 90.96%. The forests of the district have adequate repre­ sentation of all size classes containing 31.25% big timber, 15.34% small timber, 9.09% pole crop, 42.61% mi~ed size class and 1.7% regeneration crop. Regeneration is absent in 17.24% and inadequate in 32.18% of the area. The total number of stems of all the species in the forest area is around 49.9 million averaging 281.92 stems/ha. The total standing volume of the tree forest area is about 31.78 million cubic metres which works out to 179.58 cu.m./hectare. The growing stock is composed of more than 200 tree species, which exists in a mixture in the Tropical Rain Forests. About 150 sq.km. area is covered under Teak forest where Teak forms around 74% of the crop. Considering the district as a whole contribution of four species to growing stock is more than 3%. These species are Tectona grandis (5.44%), Vateria indica (3.52%), Terminalia crenulata (3.21%) and Laqer­ stroemia lanceolata (3.21%). The inventory work was caried out by the field parties led by Sri G.S.Trivedi and Sri S.Sampath, Jr. Technical Assistants under the supervisiort of Sri M.Muni Reddy I.F.S., Joint Director and Sri Devendra Kumar, I.F.S., Deputy Director. During the survey work, Crew Leaders were assisted by SISri C.B.Joshi, Chikkanna. D.Chandrasekar, T.Venkate- sha, L.Eswarappa, B.H.N.Murthy, all Fieldmen and Sri Mehaboob Pasha, Driver. The work was at times, supervised by Sri V.K.Tiwari , Sr.Techni- tal Assistant. The data processing was done by Sri S.Sampath, Jr.Techni- CAl Assistant. using the software developed by Forest Survey of India, Southern Zone, Bangalore. The maps and diagrams were prepared by Sri.K.V.Narayana, Junior DraughtsMan. The report has been prepared by Sri.Devendra Kumar, I.F.S. Deputy Director and Sri A.K.Jha, I.F.S .• Joint Director. We thankfully acknowledge the co-operation extended by the Offi- cers and staff of Karnataka Forest Department, which was extremely help- ful in timely completion of the field work. It is hoped that this report will be useful for Foresters and State Planners in planning developmental activities in the district. It will also help in serving the purpose of forest conservation. Dated: 20th March 1995 Dr.S.N.Rai, Director, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun-248195 CON TEN T S PART-l Page No. SUMMARY -1 CHAPTER-l BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. 1 General 1 • 1 • -1 Location 5 1. "1.2 Physical Features 6 1.1.3 Climate and Rain fall 7 LL4 Forests 7 -1. 1 .5 Area & Population 11 1.1.6 Land use Pattern 12 1. -1. 7 Other Socio-Economic features 13 CHAPTER-II DESIGN & METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY 2.1 Forest Area Defined '14- 2.2 Samplin.,;} Design -15 2.3 Methodology 16 2.4 Intensity of the survey -19 2.5 Plot status 19 CHAPTER-Ill DATA PROCESSING 3.0 Preparation of data for process in.,;} in computer 20 3.1 Area computation 20 3.2 Volume Estimation 2'1 3.3 Enumerated tree volume and plot volume 22 3.4 Stand Table 23 3.5 Stock Table 23 3.6 Standard errors 23 3.7 BAMBOO 3.7.1 Area 25 3.7.2 Clumps per hectare 25 3.7.3 Culms per Clump 25 3.7.4 Culms· p_er hectare 26 3.7.5 Total number of CullTls 26 3.7.6 Bamboo Stock 26 3.7.7 Dry wei.,;}ht equivalent of Bamboo Stock 27 CHAPTER-IV RESULTS OF THE INVENTORY 4.1 Land use pattern 28 4.2 LelJal Status 33 4.3 Terrain and soil of the Forest Area 4.3.1 Topography 34, 4.3.2 Rockiness 35 4.3.3 Soil Depth 35 4.3.4 Soi I Te:<ture 36 4.3.5 Soil Consistency 37 4.3.6 Soil Colour 37 4.3.7 Humus 38 4.3.8 Coarse Fragments 38 4.3.9 Erosion Status 39 4.4 Accessibility of the area 40 4.5 Origin of the Stand 41 4.6 Crop Composition 42 4.7 Canopy Layer 42 4.8 Size Class 43 4.9 Top Height 44 4.10 Regeneration Status 44 4.11 Injuries to crop 45 4.12 Fire Incidence 46 4.13 Grazing Incidence 47 4.14 Presence of Weeds 48 4.15 Pre s eon ceo f Gr ass 48 4.16 Plantation Potential 49 4.17 Degradation of forest 50 4.18 OCCURRENCE OF BAMBOO 4.18.1 Bamboo Density 51 4.18.2 Bamboo Quality 52 4.18.3 Bamboo Regeneration 53 4.18.4 Bamboo Flowering 54 4'. "19 GROWING STOCK 4.19.1 Growing Stand (Stem) 54 4.19.2 Growing Stock (Volume) 59 4.19.3 Growing Stock (Bamboo) 65 4.20 Standard Error 67 LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. "1- Land Use 28 2. Net Forest Area 29 3. Tree Forested Area 30 3A Forest types 31 4. Division wise Net Forest Area 31 5. Division wise Wooded Area 32 6. Legal Status 33 7. General Topography 34 8. Slope class 34 9. Rockiness 35 10. Soil Depth 36 11 • Soil Texture 36 12. Soil Consistency 37 13. Soil colour 37 14. Humus 38 15. Coarse Fragements 39 16. Soil Erosion 39 17. Accessibility (Distance to Road) 40 "18. Pucca road distance 41 19. Origin of Stand 41 20. Crop Composition 42 21. Canopy Layer/Storey 42 22. Size Classes 43 23. Top Hei.]ht 44 24. Intensity of Regeneration 45 25. Injuries to Crop 46 26. Fire Incidence 46 27. Grazing Incidence 47 28. Presence of' Weeds 48 29. Presence of Grass 49 30. Plantation Potential , 49 31. Degradation (Due to Biotic Factors) 50 32. Del;Jradation (Due to Natural Calamities) 50 33. Bamboo Density 5'1 34. Bamboo Qual i ty 52 35. Bamboo Regeneration 53 36. Growinl] Stand (Stem) StratulTI wise 54 37. Growing Stand (Stem) Species wise 55 38. Growinl;J Stand (Stem) Division wise 56 39. Growing Stand of Teak Forest 57 40. Growing Stand of Bamboo Forest 58 41. Growi n,] Stand of Miscellaneous Forest 59 42. Growing Stock (Volume) - Stratum wise 60 43. Growing Stock (Volume) - Division wise 60 44. Growing Stock (Volume) - Species wise 62 45. Growing Stock of Teak Forest 63 46. Growin1] Stock of Bamboo Forest 64 47. Growing Stock of Miscellaneous Forest 64 48. Bamboo Area (Quality & Species wise) 65 4·9. Average HeilJht,Green & Air Dry Wei 1Jht of Bamboo 66 50. Standard Error /. - Lel_:]al Status wise 68 5'" Standard Error /. - Stratum wise 68 52. Standard Error /. - Forest Division wise 69 53. Standard Error /. for Bamboo e'stimates 69 LIST OF MAPS & DIAGRAMS MAPS 1 • National Map showing the Inventoried area 4-5 2. State Map showing the Inventoried area 5-6 3. Map showing Rockiness classes 35-36 4. Map showing Soil Depth classes 36-37 5. Map showing Soil Texture classes 36-37 6. Map showing Soil consistency classes 37-38 7. Map showing Soil Humus Layer classes 38-39 8. Map showing Soil Erosion classes 39-40 9. Map showing Crop Composition classes 42-43 '10. Map showing intensity of Regeneration 45-46 11 • Map showing Grazing Incidence classes 4·7-48 12. Map showing Bamboo Quality classes 52-53 DIAGRAMS 1 • Diagrams showing identification of grids,marking and Layout of plots 15-'16 2. Diagram showing Land use pattern of surveyed area 28-29 3. Diagram showing Division wise state of Growing stand and Growing stock 56-57 PART II ANNEXURES ANNEXURE 1 Growing Stand of Kodagu District II Growing Stand of per hec. of Kodagu District III Growing Stand of Teak Forest IV Growing Stand per hec. of Teak Forest V Growing Stand of Bamboo Forest VI Growing Stand per hec. of Bamboo Forest VII Growing Stand of Miscellaneous Forest VIII Growing Stand per hec. of Miscellaneous Forest IX Growing Stand of Madikeri Division X Growing Stand per hec. of Madikeri Division Xl Growing Stand of Hunsur W.L.Division XII Growing Stand per hec.of Hunsur Division XIII Growing Stand per hec. of Virajpet Division XIV Growing Stand per hec. of Virajpet Division XV Growing Stock per hec. of Kodagu District XVI Growing Stock of Kodagu District XVII Growing Stock per hec.