IN NORTHERN NIGERIA CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Two-Day Summit on Youth Restiveness, Violence, Peace & Development in Northern Nigeria undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Two-Day Summit on Youth Restiveness, Violence, Peace & Development in Northern Nigeria undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Two-Day Summit on Youth Restiveness, Violence, Peace & Development in Northern Nigeria undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) First published in 2011 By CLEEN Foundation Lagos Office: 21 Akinsanya Street Taiwo Bus stop Ojodu, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria Tel: +234-1-7612479 Fax: +234-1-2303230 The mission of CLEEN Foundation is to promote Abuja Office: public safety, security and accessible justice through 26 Bamenda Street empirical research, legislative advocacy, Off Abidjan Street Wuse Zone 3 demonstration programmes and publications in Abuja, Nigeria partnership with government and civil society. Tel: +234-9-7817025 +234-9-8708379 Owerri Office: Plot 10, Area M Road 3, World Bank Housing Estate Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Tel: +234-083-823104 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cleen.org ISBN: 978-978-53083-9-6 © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior approval of the CLEEN Foundation. Typesetting: Isu Media Ltd. [email protected], 09-780-5084, 08035909778 v First published in 2011 By CLEEN Foundation Lagos Office: 21 Akinsanya Street Taiwo Bus stop Ojodu, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria Tel: +234-1-7612479 Fax: +234-1-2303230 The mission of CLEEN Foundation is to promote Abuja Office: public safety, security and accessible justice through 26 Bamenda Street empirical research, legislative advocacy, Off Abidjan Street Wuse Zone 3 demonstration programmes and publications in Abuja, Nigeria partnership with government and civil society. Tel: +234-9-7817025 +234-9-8708379 Owerri Office: Plot 10, Area M Road 3, World Bank Housing Estate Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Tel: +234-083-823104 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cleen.org ISBN: 978-978-53083-9-6 © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior approval of the CLEEN Foundation. Typesetting: Isu Media Ltd. [email protected], 09-780-5084, 08035909778 v CLEEN Foundation THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Table of Contents Acknowledgments..........................................................................................ix Preface..............................................................................................................xi Part One: Opening Remarks I. Welcome Address | Chinedu Yves Nwagu...................................................1 II. Opening Remarks | Mrs Atinuke Taiwo......................................................4 III. Keynote Address | Mr Ayo Aduba.............................................................6 Part Two: Paper Presentations I. Youth Restiveness and Violence in Nothern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis | Karu Simon......................................................................................................9 II. The Causes of Youth Restiveness and Violence in Northern Nigeria | Dibal Rachel Abdullahi...................................................................................30 III. State Response to Youth Restiveness in Nigeria | DCP Femi Oyeleye...........................................................................................................43 IV. The Role of Religion in Peacemaking - Christian Perspective | Rev. Balafre Deshi...................................................................................................48 V. The Role of Youth in Restoring and Building Peace in Nigeria | Mr Yibis Sylvester...................................................................................................57 VI. Youth Restiveness and Violence in Northern Nigeria from the Islamic Perspective | Mahmood Jammal................................................................67 VII. Findings of CLEEN Foundation 2011 National Crime Victimisation Survey on Youth and Violence in Nigeria | Chinedu Yves Nwagu..........73 vi vii CLEEN Foundation THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Table of Contents Acknowledgments..........................................................................................ix Preface..............................................................................................................xi Part One: Opening Remarks I. Welcome Address | Chinedu Yves Nwagu...................................................1 II. Opening Remarks | Mrs Atinuke Taiwo......................................................4 III. Keynote Address | Mr Ayo Aduba.............................................................6 Part Two: Paper Presentations I. Youth Restiveness and Violence in Nothern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis | Karu Simon......................................................................................................9 II. The Causes of Youth Restiveness and Violence in Northern Nigeria | Dibal Rachel Abdullahi...................................................................................30 III. State Response to Youth Restiveness in Nigeria | DCP Femi Oyeleye...........................................................................................................43 IV. The Role of Religion in Peacemaking - Christian Perspective | Rev. Balafre Deshi...................................................................................................48 V. The Role of Youth in Restoring and Building Peace in Nigeria | Mr Yibis Sylvester...................................................................................................57 VI. Youth Restiveness and Violence in Northern Nigeria from the Islamic Perspective | Mahmood Jammal................................................................67 VII. Findings of CLEEN Foundation 2011 National Crime Victimisation Survey on Youth and Violence in Nigeria | Chinedu Yves Nwagu..........73 vi vii CLEEN Foundation THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Appendix I. Communiqué of the Forum.......................................................................83 II. Report of the Forum................................................................................93 Acknowledgement everal organisations played significant and collaborative roles at different levels for the successful implementation of the “Two-Day SSummit on Youth Restiveness, Violence, Peace & Development in Northern Nigeria”. First is the Canadian Fund for Local Initiatives (CFLI) managed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) for providing support for the project implementation and the production of this publication. We appreciate the Bauchi Human Rights Network for their conscientious efforts in coordinating the several activities within the state that led to the success of the project activity. The Bauchi State Commissioner of Police deserves our commendation for his commitment and efforts in bringing to bare youth unrest and violence in the state. This was further demonstrated by the participation of some senior police officers of the State Command who played significant roles at the summit and for ensuring that the venue of the programme was secured and safe for the participants. We are grateful to our resource persons whose presentations led to the discussions, observations and recommendations made at the programme, inclusive are serving senior police officer of the Bauchi State Police Command, DCP Femi Oyeleye, Mr. Simon Karu, Ms Dibal Rachel Abdullahi, Mr Sylvester Yibis (Bauchi Human Rights Network), Mr Chinedu Nwagu, the Islamic cleric, Mr. Mahmood Jammal and the viii ix CLEEN Foundation THE CHALLENGES OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS, VIOLENCE AND PEACE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Appendix I. Communiqué of the Forum.......................................................................83 II. Report of the Forum................................................................................93 Acknowledgement everal organisations played significant and collaborative roles at different levels for the successful implementation of the “Two-Day SSummit on Youth Restiveness, Violence, Peace & Development in Northern Nigeria”. First is the Canadian Fund for Local Initiatives (CFLI) managed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) for providing support for the project implementation and the production of this publication. We appreciate the Bauchi Human Rights Network for their conscientious efforts in coordinating the several activities within the state that led to the success of the project activity. The Bauchi State Commissioner of Police deserves our commendation for his commitment and efforts in bringing to bare youth unrest and violence