GR AMMAR OF TH E I TALIAN LANGUAGE. JO E P H R AMP I N I S , Fellow of th e Education al I n stitute of Sc otlan d ; Teac h er of th e I talian Lan ua e an d Literature in th e Naval an d ili tar Academ the g g M y y, Edin ur P iloso ical In stitution th e c ottis I n stit ution for b gh h ph , S h oun Ladie s th e Edin ur In sti tution for Lan ua es &c . Y g , b gh g g , EDINBURGH OLIVER A D B Y T EED DALE RT N O D , W COU . LOND ON : I P I N AR H ALL AND 00 . S M K , M S , P ri ce T o illin n e w Sh gs an d Six pe c . A KEY TO MR RAMPINI ’ S ITALIAN GRAMMAR 2 I S PU LI SH PRI C s . B ED, E P RINTE D B Y OLIV E R AND B OY D E D INB U R H . , G TO HER GRACE CHARLOTTE ANN, t nt u t u b t t Burb t as of yurrlt n b a m t s t o, &c . &c . MAY IT PLEA E OUR GRA E S Y C , HAVING already experien ced so m uch kindn ess an d c on sideration w hilst engaged in the In struction of Junior Mem b ers of the n ob le Fam ily of Buccleuch in the Italian Lan ua e I have to offer addition al ac n o led m ent s for g g , k w g ’ your Grace s kin dn ess in perm ittin g m e t o sen d forth t o the w orld un der the distin uis ed atrona e of our n am e , g h p g y , a Gram m ar of m y n ative tongue written in the En glish Lan guage . This Work is therefore n ow present ed with the sin cere an d grateful respect ’ Of your Grace s Faithful an d dien rvan t ob e t Se , J. R AM P I NI . ED l NB URG H M r , a ch 1852 . PREFA CE. Tm s Gramm ar has b een w ritten prin cipally for the use of studen ts in this coun try w ho learn the Italian Lan guage as a b ran ch of educa i At h m im h w h w is h to x t n d th ir kn t on . t e sa e t e t ose o e e e ow l d , e ge w ill b e b etter ab le to do so after havin g m ade them selv es thoroughly ac uain ted w ith a short treatise of this kin d than if the had com q , y ’ w li Th A h x eneed w ith a m ore com p cated w ork . e ut or s e perien ce has con vin ced him that lon g courses of Gram m ar are often un der t k n h in n r i un l di a e t s ld m m l t d. T e e s ab t s tin , b u e o co p e e e b g e o guish the ess en tial parts from those w hich are of secon dary im portan ce an d m a f ith dv ta at n fter- i y th ere ore b e taken up w a an ge a a per od. No doub t this in con ven ien ce m ay b e ob v iated to a certain exten t b y t o ra hical distin ction s an d direction s or b the ud m ent of the yp g p , y j g t eacher ; b ut it is b etter to keep w hat is un n ecessary at first out of i h T li tl ll w ill n a l th u il l rn s g t . o learn a t e w e e b e e p p to ea m ore afterw ards : to learn a great deal im perfectly is an im pedim en t to all futur r n f Whatel It is b ett r t m e o ress . I n the la ua e o e o u p g g g y, ders tan d n little that it is ossib le to accom lish than to m ake ev e a , p p , ” — s len did rofession s w hich can on l lead to disa oin tm en t . E arl p p , y pp y M h f in form ation m a b e con L essons on Rea son in . uc use ul v e ed g y y , an d w ith littl ff rt on th art o f the u il b the ob serv ation s of e e o e p p p , y an l r T r n r thi Work a reall ood Han d- b ook to ab e ece tor . o e de s p p y g , b e thorou hl learn ed an d con tin uall referred t o all ob servation s g y y , Man Gram m ar ar n ot ab solutely n ec essary hav e b een omi tted. y s e Th A th r hav in ob serv ed that u ils m ade up of m ere verb iage. e u o g p p often em lo techn ical w ords w ith out un derstan din them a m ore p y g , im l m o f x r i n has n us d thou h w ith relu ctan s p e de o e p ess o b ee e , g c e, w hich m a resen t few er learn ed w ords b ut is fitted to im art clearer y p , p ’ i h r i h d E deas . An d e e aga n W at ely s w ords m ay b e quote v en in the com m on m han i al rt m hin f a t chn ical lan ua e is ec c a s , so et g o e g g f h m It oul oun d n eedful for those w ho are learn in g or ex ercisin g t e . w d b e a v er reat in con v en ien ce even to a com m on car en t er n ot to y g , p , hav a re i w ll—un dersto n a me f r ach of th se eral o eration s e p c se, e od o e e v p h e erform s such as chisellin a in lan in &c . an d for the p , g, s w g, p g, , sev eral t ls or in str m n t th An d if w e had n ot oo [ u e s] he w orks wi . such w ords as Addition ub traction Multi lication Div ision &c . , S , p , , , e m lo ed in an exactl defin ed sense an d al so fixed rules for con duct p y y , viii R E A E P F C . in th s an d oth arithm etical rocess s it w ould t i u n g e e er p e , b e a ed o s a d un certain w ork to throu h ev en such sim l calculation s a chil , go g p e as d r n rn rf ith f An d ft r ll h r v e soo lea s to e orm w er ect eas e . a e a t e e y p p , w ould b e a fresh diffi culty in m akin g other person s un derstan d clearly the correctn ess of the calculation s m ade . You a re to ob serve how ever tha t techn ica l la n ua e and rules , , g g , if ou w ou ld m a ke them rea ll use u l m ust b e not on l distin ctl un der y y f , y y stood b u t a lso learn t a nd rem em b red as a m iliarl as th Al h , , e f y e p ab et ; a nd em lo ed con s tan tl a n d w ith scru ulou s ex actn ess . Otherwise p y y, p , techn ica l language will p rove a n encumb rance ins tead of an advan tage ; t as a suit o clo thes w ou ld b e ins a o u ttin t jus f , if, te d f p g hem on and w earin them ou w ere to ca rr them ab ou t in ou r ha nd . g , y y , y The b est w ay to acquire a foreign lan gu age is to com pare it closely w ith our ow n .