Vol XI EXPLORING INDIA AND THE PROCESS OF SUBORDINATION AND CONTROL OF ITS RULERS Compiled by Dharampal Ashram Pratishtan, Sevagram – 442102 May 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS A - INDIAN FOREBODINGS......................................................................................................7 1. ALI WARDI KHAN TO HIS GRANDSON ..............................................................................7 2. HYDER'S CALL AGAINST BRITISH........................................................................................8 B. BRITISH VIEWS AND POLICIES........................................................................................ 10 3. MAJOR MACKENZIE'S JOURNAL OF HIS TRAVELS IN THE EAST INDIA'S 1764 ...... 10 4. NOTES ON THE NAWAB OF ARCOT AND THE CARNATIC 1710-1803 ........................ 31 5. STATE OF FACTS RELATING TO THE CARNATIC AND GENERAL POLITICS OF INDIA. (EXTRACT)..................................................................................................................... 33 6. AS TO DANGER TO BE APPREHENDED FROM THE MARATTAS, IF THE POWER OF TIPPOO SULTAUN WAS TO BE EXTINGUISHED.................................................................. 34 7. ELPHINSTONE ON INDIAN ALLIANCES........................................................................... 38 8. NECESSITY OF INTERFERENCE IN AFFAIRS OF NATIVE STATES................................ 40 C - DOCUMENTS........................................................................................................................ 41 I - ARCOT ..................................................................................................................................... 41 1. WARREN HASTINGS TO L.SULLIVAN ............................................................................... 41 2. LETTER FROM NABOB's REPRESENTATIVE IN POONA................................................. 41 3. LETTER FROM THE NABOB OF CARNATIC TO MACARTNEY, 1782 ............................ 43 4. AN ARJEE FROM KILLEDAR OF VELLORE TO NAWAB OF ARCOT: SEPT 1783 ......... 44 5. BEGINNING OF EXTORTION, MOLESTATION, PLUNDER, PRESSING OF MEN, CATTLE, SUPPLIES IN BRITISH DOMINATED ARCOT, AND THE LARGER CARNATIC UNDER THE SHIELD OF THE HELPLESS AND HUMILIATED BRITISH APPOINTED NABOB OF ARCOT: C. 1750 - 1800 *......................................................................................... 46 5.1. ROBERT HARLAND CONVEYS NAWAB OF ARCOT'S HELPLESSNESS AND HUMILIATION TO LONDON: SEPT 1772................................................................................ 46 5.2. NAWAB'S HURT AT MADRAS GOVERNOR'S UNGRACIOUSNESS: SEPT. 1772 ...... 53 5.3. NAWAB RESENTS COMPANY'S INTERFERENCE IN LIFE OF HIS SUBJECTS: SEPT. 1772 ................................................................................................................................................ 54 (i) LOANS FORCED ON PEOPLE AT 48% P.A......................................................................... 55 (ii) EXHORBITANT INTEREST................................................................................................... 55 (iii) EUROPEANS FORCE THEIR WAY INTO PRIVATE HOMES, PRESS PEOPLE, EVEN MILITARY MEN........................................................................................................................... 56 (iv) THE PROCESS OF LENDING MONEY TO AMULDAHRS.............................................. 57 (v) PRINCIPAL LOAN INCREASED BY 40% IN WANTING TO MAKE THE 8% INTEREST LOOK MODERATE...................................................................................................................... 59 (vi) MADRAS BRITISH GOVERNOR MAKES MONEY EXTORTS BRIBES.......................... 59 Archival Compilations - Volume 11 Page 2 of 198 (vii) REFUSING TO PAY CUSTOM DUTY FOR MERCHANDISE IN THEIR NAME, ALSO DEMANDING FORCED LABOUR, TRANSPORT.................................................................... 60 (viii) TWO LAKHS TO GOVERNOR FOR APPOINTMENT TO NORTHERN CIRCARS .... 61 (ix) THE MANNER OF MAKING BRITISH FORTUNES IN SOUTH INDIA ....................... 61 (x) THE AVARICIOUS BRITISH COMMANDANT AND THE POLYGAR .......................... 62 (xi) NAZARS ETC. TO GOVERNORS AND OTHERS TO GET RENTER APPOINTMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 63 (xii) PRESSING OF MEN, CATTLE, SUPPLIES IN MADRAS PRESIDENCY: C. 1770s......... 64 6. NABOB'S REVENUE TERMS .................................................................................................. 66 7. MANAGEMENT OF NABOB................................................................................................. 66 II. TANJORE................................................................................................................................. 68 1. COPY OF A LETTER FROM JOHN SULLIVAN TO LORD MACARTNEY GOVERNOR OF MADRAS DATED PALAMCOTAH (IN THE COUNTRY OF TINNEVELLY) 16th Dec. 1781. ............................................................................................................................................... 68 2. LORD MACARTNEY TO Mr. LAURENCE SULLIVAN, LONDON (1782)....................... 70 3. LORD MACARTNEY TO Mr. LAURENCE SULLIVAN, LONDON (1782)........................ 74 4. MACARTNEY TO JOHN SULLIVAN (1782 - 83).................................................................. 75 5. EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM JOHN SULLIVAN TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS, DATED TANJORE, 29th June 1783. ......................................................................... 77 III - MYSORE................................................................................................................................ 79 1. THE MYSORE NEGOTIATIONS ............................................................................................ 79 2. COLONOL READ'S IDEAS REGARDING THE TERMS PROPER TO B EIMPOSED ON TIPOO SULTAN: 22 Feb 1799..................................................................................................... 81 3. CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LORD MORNINGTON AND WILLIAM KIRKPATRICK: c.1799 ................................................................................................................. 83 (i) COL W. KIRKAPATRICK TO WELLESLEY ON MYSORE : 3.6.1799 ................................. 83 (ii) COL KIRKPATRICK TO WELLESLEY ................................................................................. 87 (iii) W. KIRKPATRICK TO LORD MORNINGTON: 8.6.1799 (Extract) .................................. 87 (iv) W. KIRKPATRICK TO LORD_MORNINGTON : 9.6.1799 (Extract) .............................. 88 (v) MEMORANDA RESPECTING JAGHEERS AND PENSIONS : 3 June 1799. .................. 89 (vi) ACCOUNT OF THE EXPENCES OF THE SERVANTS AT THE PALACE : 1799........... 91 (vii) W. KIRKPATRICK TO WELLESLEY : 9.6.1799 (Concluding part)................................. 92 (viii) MEMORANDUM : ANNUAL STIPENDS, ALLOWANCES AND PENSIONS........ 92 (ix) WELLESLEY TO COMMISSIONERS FOR MYSOOR : 19.6.1799 (?) .............................. 93 (x) WILLIAM KIRKPATRICK TO LORD MORNINGTON, GOVERNOR GENERAL : 12.6.1799......................................................................................................................................... 95 Archival Compilations - Volume 11 Page 3 of 198 (xi) LORD MORNINGTON (WELLESLEY) TO MYSORE COMMISSIONERS : 13.6.1799 (Extract) ......................................................................................................................................... 98 (xii) LORD MORNINGTON TO COMMISSIONERS ON SUBSIDIARY TREATY : 21.6.1799 (Extract) ....................................................................................................................................... 100 (xiii) INSTRUCTIONS FROM GOVERNOR GENERAL WELLESLEY TO RESIDENT, MYSORE: 4.9.1799. (Extract) ...................................................................................................... 101 (xiv) REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF MYSOOR: December 1804. .................................................................................................. 103 (xv) POLITICAL DESPATCH TO MADRAS: 17.12.1806 ........................................................ 104 4. EXPLANATION OF COLONEL M.CUBBON AS TO CONVICTION ON SELF- CONFESSION IN MYSORE: 1830s ........................................................................................... 105 5. POLITICAL DESPATCH TO INDIA: 30.10. 1839: NO.20 (AFFAIRS OF MYSORE) ... 107 IV. HYDERABAD ...................................................................................................................... 109 1. RICHARD JOHNSON, RESIDENT HYDRABAD TO BENGAL: 30.10.1784 ..................... 109 2. A REVIEW OF HYDERABAD AFFAIRS 1784 - 5................................................................ 112 3. A REVIEW OF THE EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF HYDERABAD 1784-98 ..................... 113 4. ON STATE OF THE DECCAN (BY) CAPTAIN J.A. KIRKPATRICK: 4 June 1798........... 113 5. WELLESLEY INSTRUCTIONS TO RESIDENT AT HYDERABAD: 15.6.1800 (Extract) .. 114 6. WELLESLEY TO LT COL KIRKPATRICK : 7.10.1801 ........................................................ 116 7. THE NIZAMUT ...................................................................................................................... 118 8. HYDERABAD LIFE ................................................................................................................ 119 9. FROM WARREN HASTINGS CORRESPONDENCE ........................................................