Finland Table of Contents Doing Business in Finland ___________________________________________ 6 Market Overview ____________________________________________________ 6 Market Challenges __________________________________________________ 7 Market Opportunities ________________________________________________ 7 Market Entry Strategy _______________________________________________ 8 Political Environment _______________________________________________ 9 Political Environment _______________________________________________ 9 Selling US Products & Services _______________________________________ 9 Using an Agent to Sell US Products and Services _________________________ 9 Establishing an Office ______________________________________________ 10 Franchising _______________________________________________________ 10 Direct Marketing___________________________________________________ 10 Joint Ventures/Licensing ____________________________________________ 11 Selling to the Government ___________________________________________ 12 Distribution & Sales Channels________________________________________ 12 Express Delivery ___________________________________________________ 13 Selling Factors & Techniques ________________________________________ 14 eCommerce _______________________________________________________ 14 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 14 Current Market Trends ________________________________________________________ 15 Domestic eCommerce (B2C) ____________________________________________________ 15 Cross-Border eCommerce ______________________________________________________ 16 B2B eCommerce ______________________________________________________________ 16 eCommerce Services __________________________________________________________ 16 eCommerce Intellectual Property Rights _________________________________________ 17 Popular eCommerce Sites ______________________________________________________ 17 Online Payment ______________________________________________________________ 17 Mobile eCommerce____________________________________________________________ 17 Digital Marketing _____________________________________________________________ 18 Major Buying Holidays ________________________________________________________ 18 Social Media _________________________________________________________________ 18 Trade Promotion & Advertising ______________________________________ 18 Pricing ___________________________________________________________ 20 1 Sales Service/Customer Support ______________________________________ 21 Protecting Intellectual Property ______________________________________ 22 Due Diligence______________________________________________________ 24 Local Professional Services __________________________________________ 25 Principal Business Associations ______________________________________ 25 Limitations on Selling US Products and Services ________________________ 26 Web Resources ____________________________________________________ 26 Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments________________________ 30 Agricultural Sector _________________________________________________ 30 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 30 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 30 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 30 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 30 Computer Software _________________________________________________ 31 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 31 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 32 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 32 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 32 Computers and Peripherals __________________________________________ 33 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 33 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 34 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 34 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 35 Energy ___________________________________________________________ 35 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 35 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 37 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 37 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 39 Environmental Technologies ________________________________________ 40 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 40 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 42 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 42 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 43 Franchising _______________________________________________________ 43 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 43 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 44 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 44 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 44 Safety and Security Services and Equipment ___________________________ 45 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 45 2 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 46 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 46 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 46 Telecommunication Services and Equipment ___________________________ 47 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 47 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 48 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 48 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 48 Travel and Tourism ________________________________________________ 49 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 49 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 50 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 50 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 50 Medical Equipment_________________________________________________ 51 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 51 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 52 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 53 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 53 eHealth / Health IT _________________________________________________ 53 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 53 Leading Sub-Sectors __________________________________________________________ 55 Opportunities ________________________________________________________________ 55 Web Resources _______________________________________________________________ 56 Customs, Regulations & Standards___________________________________ 58 Trade Barriers _____________________________________________________ 58 Import Tariff ______________________________________________________ 59 Import Requirements & Documentation _______________________________ 60 Labeling/Marking Requirements _____________________________________ 61 U.S. Export Controls ________________________________________________ 63 Temporary Entry___________________________________________________ 65 Prohibited & Restricted Imports ______________________________________ 66 Customs Regulations _______________________________________________ 66 Standards for Trade ________________________________________________ 66 Overview ____________________________________________________________________ 66 Standards ____________________________________________________________________ 68 Testing, inspection and certification ____________________________________________ 70 Publication of technical regulations _____________________________________________ 71 Contact Information __________________________________________________________ 72 Trade Agreements__________________________________________________ 75 3 Licensing Requirements for Professional Services ______________________ 75 Web Resources ____________________________________________________ 76 Investment Climate Statement ______________________________________ 77 Executive Summary ________________________________________________ 77 Openness To, and Restrictions Upon, Foreign Investment________________ 78 Policies Towards Foreign Direct Investment______________________________________ 78 Limits on Foreign Control and Right to Private Ownership and Establishment ________ 79 Other Investment Policy Reviews _______________________________________________ 81 Business Facilitation __________________________________________________________ 81 Outward Investment __________________________________________________________ 82 Bilateral Investment Agreements and Taxation Treaties _________________ 83 Legal Regime ______________________________________________________