Studies on Cirripedian Fauna of Japan (II) : Cirripeds Found in Title the Vicinity of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Author(s) Hiro, Fujio Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University. Citation Ser. B (1937), 12(3): 385-478 Issue Date 1937-10-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/257864 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University MEMorRs oF THE CoLLEGE oF SclENcE, KyoTo IM?ERIAL UNIvERSITy, SERIEs B, VoL. XII, No. 3, ART. 17, 1937 Studie$ on Cirripedian FauRa of Japan II. Cirripeds Found in the Vicinity ef the Seto Mavine Biological Laboxatory By Fajio HIRo (Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Wakayarna-ken) With 43 Text-pt•gKres (Received April 21, l937) Introductien The purpose of the present paper is to describe the theracic cirripeds found in the waters around the Sete Marine Biological Laboratory. The material dealt with in this paper was collected almost entirely by myself during the period extending from the summer of 1930 up to the present time, except a few species ob- tained from the S6y6-maru Expedition undertaken by the Ircperial Fisheries Experimental Station during the years 1926-1930. Descrip- tions of the latter have already been given (HiRo, 1933a). The present material consists, with few exceptions, of specimens from the littoral zone and shallow ;vvater ; noRe of the specimens are irom deep water. However, I have paid special attention to the commensal forms from the ecological and fauRistic standpoint, and have thes been able to enumerate a comparatively large number of species in such a re- stricted area as this district. The Rew and rare species of the collection have occasionally been described either fully or in part (HiRo, 1931, 1933b, 1934, 1935, 1936b, c, d). The following is the complete list of the species hitherto known to occur in this region : LEPADOMORPHA.. Scalpellidae 1'age 1. Mitella mitelia (LINNE) . 39e 386 F. HIRo Page 2. Calantica scorPio (AuRiviLuus) . 390 3. Smilium acnttum (HoEi<) . ---- --- 390 4. EuscalPellttm squamosum n. nom. (=:E. StratUM--- HIRo) 391 5. 392 ScalPellscm jaPo•nicscm HoEK . -- 6. ScalPellum laccadivicum ANNANDALE . 392 Iblidae 7. Ibla Cumin.cr•i DARwiN . 393 Oxynaspidae ---- 8. OXYnasPis Pacifica }IIRo . 393 Lepadidae ---- 9. LePas anatofera 396 LINNS . ' 10. LePas anserifera lLIii<NE . 399 . 11. LePas Pectinata SpENGLEi< . 400 . 12. LePas fascicular•is ELLIs et SoLANDER 400 . 13. (]k)nchoderma aztTit"m (LINiN'E) . 401 . 14. Conchederxia virgattem (SpENGLER) . 402 . 15. Conclzoderma virgatum Hzmteri (R. OWEN) 402 16. AlePas Pacifica PiLsBRy . 404 - '- . • Heteralepadidae 17. HetevaLePas <ffeteralePas) japovtica (AURIVILLIUS) . 406 18. HeteralePas <HeteralePas> quadrata (AURIV{LLIUS) . 406 Malacolepadidae 19. MaiacotePas conchicoZa KiRo . 407 Trilasmatidae ----t 20. Trilasmis <Poecitasma> KaemPferi (DARWIN). 408 . 21. Trilasmis (Poecilasma) obliqua (HoEK) 408 . • 22. Trilasswvis (TemnasPis) excavatum ---- 412 (HoEK) . 23. Trilasmis (TemnasPis) amygdatum (AURIVILLIUS) 412 . 24. OctoLasmis clavztla HiRo . 413 25. Octolasmis Nierstraszi (HoEK) . -i-- 414 . ---- 415 26. Octelasmis ortkego?iia (DARwiN) . 27. Octolasmis YVeberi Pennatulae n. subsp. 415 . - 28. Octolasmis Grayi (DARwiN). 418 . 29. Octogasmis Aynzonini (LEssoi A et TAPPARONE-CANEFRI) ---- 419 30. Octolasmis angutata (AuRivlLLiUS) . 426 . ------ . BALANOMORPHA Chthamalidae 31. Chthamatus ClaatZengeri lE(oEK. 429 32. ChthamaLusPiLsbryi Hmo . ------ . 429 ---t-- Stud•ies on CirriPedian Fauna of JaPan 387 I'age 33. Pachylasmes jaPonicum HiRo . 430 Balanidae 34. Balanus tintinnabulum volcano PiLsBRy . 430 35. Balauas tintinnabbllztm rosa PiLsBRy . 431 36. Balanecs amPhitrite com?nunis DARwlN . 432 37. Bala"us amPhitrite albicostatus PiLsBRy . 432 38. Batanus amPhitrite hawaiiensis BRocH . 432 39. Bala•nus amPhitrite Poeciiotheca (KROGER) ( =B. a. POeCi- losculPta BRocH) . 435 40. Bala""s trigonus DARwiN . • • - • • 439 41. Balanus te?euis HoEK. 439 42. Balam4s K7tigeri PILsBRy . • . • 440 43. Bala•nus socialis EIoEK . 442 44. Balan"s cagceolus DARwlN . 443 .45. BaZanus granutatus n. sp. 444 46. Acasta ssclcata LAMARCK. • . • • • • • 451 47. Acasta Dofieini KROGER (==A. aPerta li[IRo) . 454 48. Acasta fiexuosa (N{LssoN-CANTEm) ( ==A. amakblsana Hmo) 457 49. Acasta cancellorum HiRo . 459 50. Acasta PectiniPes PiLsBRy (=A. Komaii Hmo) . 462 51. Crensia sPinulosa var. eu-SPinulOSa BRocH . 465 52. Creusia sPinttlosa var. Pallida BRocH . 466 53. Creusia sPi•nutosa var. azzgttStiradiata BRocH . 466 54. Pyrgowta anglicntm SowERBy - . 467 55. Pyrgoma cancellatum LEAcH .. 467 56. Pyrgoma dentaimm DARwiN . 467 57. PYrgowta crenatum SOwERBy . 468 58. Pyrgoma cOnjugatuma DARwiN. 468 59. Pyrgoma grande (SowERBy, Jr.) . 468 60. Pyrgoma Orbicellae Hmo. 468 61. Pyrgoma vaOnticulariae GRAy . 468 62. Py7goma elOngatum HIRo . 468 63. Tetraclita PitrPu?'ascens niPPonensis HIRo . 469 64. Tetraclita squam.osa jaPOntca PmsBRy. 469 65. Tetraclita squamosa viridis DARwiN . 469 66. Tetract ita Darwini PiLSBRy. 469 67. Chetonibia test"dinaria (LiNNE) . 470 68. Coronula diadema (LiNNE) . 471 69. PlatylePas laeacastylos (O. FABRIciuS). 472' 70. StomatOlePas elegans (CosTA) . 473 388 F. HIRo The above list, if statistically explained, will amount to 9 families, 25 genera, 56 species, 11 subspecies and 3 varieties.D The fact that the fauRa of this district exhibits much tropical feature is readily noticed by anybody who takes a glance at the littoral material around this Laboratory, and depends largely on the direct infiuence of the warmer oceanic current, i. e. the Kuroshio, so that it is very natural that comparatively many tropical cirripeds are found in this district. The most pertinent example is shown in the occurrence of fbla Cumingi, which I have previously discussed (HiRo, 1936c). Of these 7e kinds including species, subspecies and varleties, the following 16 seem to be restricted to the coastal waters of Japan : EecscalPellum sqztamosum, OxynasPis Pacifica, MatacolePas conchicola, Octolasmis clavula, O. Aymonini, Chthamalus Pilsbryi, Pachylasma jaPonicum, Balanus tintinnabzalum volcano, B. tintinnabulum rosa, B. amPhitrite albicostatus, B. gra•nulatus, Acasta fiexuosa, A. cancel- lorum, Tetraclita PttrPttrascens niPPonensis, T. Da•rwini and T. sqttamosa jaPowica. These endemic species (or subspecies) seem to have their origin in tropical waters, most of them being found in the southern part of Japan only. Of theSe, the sessile group, mostly belonging to true shore forms, are much richer thafi the pedunculate group. This fact is apparently dependant on peculiarities in their Iarval Iife. The following 34 species and subspecies are distributed far south to the Indomalayan region, a few of them extending farther south to Soueh Africa: Mitetla mitella, Calantica scoptpio, ScalPellscm j'aPo- nicum, fola Cumingi, Co•nchoderma virgaimm Hzznteri, ifeteraZepas <HeteralePas> jaPonica, H. (lf.) qttadrata, Triiasmis <PoeciZasma> obliqua, T. (TemnasPis) excavatum, T. (T.) amygdalum, ectelasmis Niersttraszi, O. orthogonia, O. Weberi pennatzalae, O. Grayi, O. an- gulata, Chthamaltts Chattengeri, Balamts amPhit•rite hawaiiensis, B. a. Peecilotheca, B. KTttge7i, B. tenttis, B. socialis, Acasta sugcata, A. Dofleini, A. Pectinipes, Creusia spinutosa with three varieties, species of PNvgoma except P. anglic"m, and Tetraclita squamosa viridis. Most of these species extend farther north to Sagami Bay. The remaining species in this list are more widely distributed and may be even said to be cosmopolitan. No boreal forms are ever found in this district. It is a rather striking fact that no cirriped inhabiting the waters surrounding Japan, except certain boreal and cosmopolitan forms, is common to the species lmown from the west 1) Besides these species in this list, recently I have collected in this district two species beionging to the Trilasrr}atidae, Triiasmis ebumea HiNDs and Octolasmis War- tvicki.GRnv both of which are new to Japan. (See APPENDIX). Studies on CirT•ipeclian Fauna .of Javan 389 coast of Arcerica, except that GRuvEL (1905) reported HeteralePas <_ifeteralePas> quadrata from Lower California and NiLssoN-CANTELL (1927) reported Balan"s tintinnabulum Peninsularis from Sagami' Bay. These exceptional reports seem incredible from the geogra- phical viewpoint. However, the littoral fauna of the Hawaiian Islands is somewhat related to that of the oriental region, and moreover it is more related to that of the Malayan waters than to that of Japan. For example, Balanus amPhitrite hawaiiensis, which is, according to PiLsBRy (1928), "very abundant between tides" in the Hawaiian coast, is quite common in some inland seas or gulfs in the southern part of Japan. It is also found in the Philippine waters. Trilasmis eburnea HiNDs, Chthamal"s Hembeli (CoNRAD) and Chthamalus in- tertextus DARwiN are found in both Hawaiian and Malayan waters, but there is no reliable i'ecord from Japan.') This is probably due to the fact that the shallow water species of Balawws are frequently transferred by ships from port te port, but in the case of Chtkavaalus there are hardly any possibilities of transmission to wider areas by the agencies of ships' bottoms. It may be recognized also by the fact that a number of species of Chthamaltts are rather restricted to srcaller areas than in the case of Balamas, either geographically or bathymetrically. Evidently the raode of larval life and oceanic currents are to be regarded as the most important factors determining the area of habitat. In the preseRt paper I shall give