Camilla Leathem, Dominik Adrian Survey and Analysis of Basic Social Science and Humanities Research at the Science Academies and Related Research Organisations of Europe Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities, 2015 ISBN: 978-3-933490-12-4 Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4-opus-26393 Die vorliegende Datei wird Ihnen von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften unter einer Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Germany (cc by-nc-sa 3.0) Licence zur Verfügung gestellt. Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities Survey and Analysis of Basic Social Science and Humanities Research at the Science Academies and Related Research Organisations of Europe Camilla Leathem & Dominik Adrian Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities in cooperation with All European Academies (ALLEA) Survey and Analysis of Basic Social Science and Humanities Research at the Science Academies and Related Research Organisations of Europe 2015 Camilla Leathem & Dominik Adrian Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities in cooperation with All European Academies (ALLEA) Survey and Analysis of Basic Social Science and Humanities Research at the Science Academies and Related Research Organisations of Europe (SASSH) 2015 Lead author: Dr Camilla Leathem Co-author: Dominik Adrian Editor: The Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities represented by Prof. Dr Günter Stock (President of the Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities and President of ALLEA) Co-editor: Dr Dieter Herrmann (General Secretary of the Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities) Scientific Advisory Board: Prof. Dr Oivind Andersen, Prof. Dr John Bell, Dr Sandra Collins, Prof. Dr Gerhard Lauer, Prof. Dr Ed Noort and Prof. Dr Milena Zic-Fuchs Copy editor: Caitlin Hahn, M.A. Graphic design: Dr Camilla Leathem Thanks and appreciation are due to the scientific advisory board, to the project assistant Petra Pham, to all survey participants and all involved organisations, and in particular to the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for funding the project. Thanks are also due to the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for their cooperation as project management agency. Legal Notice © Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities, 2015 Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 2 55131 Mainz Germany www.akademienunion.de All European Academies c/o Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Jägerstr. 22/23 10117 Berlin Germany www.allea.org Copyright reserved. Reproduction of the content in any form requires the written permission of the editors. The views expressed in this publication are exclusively the opinions of the authors and editors and not those of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Image credits: Cover image 1: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Italy Cover image 2: Tagul Printed in Berlin ISBN 978-3-933490-12-4 CONTENTS SECTION A: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................ 1 SECTION B: SURVEY AND ANALYSIS.............................................................. 6 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 6 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1 The European Research Landscape ............................................................................... 6 1.1.2 The Science Academies and Associations of Science Academies ................................. 7 1.1.3 The Science Academies of Today ................................................................................... 8 1.1.4 Associations of Academies and the Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.5 The German Academies’ Programme ........................................................................... 10 1.1.6 Union Académique Internationale ................................................................................. 10 1.1.7 The Federation of All European Academies (ALLEA) ................................................... 11 1.2 MOTIVATION ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.3 AIMS ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Transparency ................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Connectivity ................................................................................................................... 13 2 PRIOR SURVEYS AND STUDIES .............................................................. 14 3 DATA COLLECTION .............................................................................. 19 3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 19 3.2 CALLS FOR PARTICIPATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES ............................. 20 4 DATA BASE ........................................................................................ 21 4.1 RESPONSE RATES BY COUNTRY ............................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Disclaimer: Representativeness .................................................................................... 23 4.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANISATIONS ............................................................................................... 24 4.3 QUESTION RESPONSE RATES ................................................................................................... 25 5 OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS BY RESEARCH FIELD AND TOPIC ....................... 27 5.1 BASIC RESEARCH .................................................................................................................... 27 5.2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS BY ERA ............................................................................................. 29 5.3 OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS BY RESEARCH FIELD .......................................................................... 31 5.3.1 (Multi)disciplinarity ......................................................................................................... 31 5.3.2 Research Fields ............................................................................................................. 32 5.3.3 Case Study: German Projects by Research Field ......................................................... 33 5.4 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH FIELD DISTRIBUTION WITHIN ERAS ..................................................... 34 5.5 OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS BY RESEARCH TOPIC ......................................................................... 37 Language ................................................................................................................................................. 38 Politics and Law ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Religion .................................................................................................................................................... 38 Archaeology.............................................................................................................................................. 38 Sociology and Demographics ................................................................................................................... 38 Geography, Anthropology and Ethnography ............................................................................................ 39 Literature .................................................................................................................................................. 39 History of Science/Scholarship ................................................................................................................. 39 Art ............................................................................................................................................................. 40 Philosophy ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Economics ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Natural Sciences ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Oriental/Byzantine Studies ....................................................................................................................... 41 Further Research Fields ........................................................................................................................... 41 6 PROJECT RUNNING TIMES AND FUNDING ................................................ 42 6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 42 6.2 PROJECT RUNNING TIMES .......................................................................................................