Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2020 Investigating the effects of magnetic fields generated during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using computer and biological models Joseph Boldrey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Boldrey, Joseph, "Investigating the effects of magnetic fields generated during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using computer and biological models" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 18281. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18281 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Investigating the effects of magnetic fields generated during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using computer and biological models by Joseph Corrie Boldrey A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Electrical Engineering (Electromagnetics, Microwave, and Nondestructive Evaluation) Program of Study Committee: David C. Jiles, Major Professor Long Que Ian Schneider Mani Mina The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Joseph Corrie Boldrey, 2020. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2. INFLUENCE OF BRAIN-SCALP DISTANCE ON FOCALITY OF THE QUADRUPLE BUTTERFLY COIL FOR TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ....3 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................3 Computer Simulations ................................................................................................................5 Analysis ......................................................................................................................................9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................12 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................13 References ................................................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 3. ON-CHIP STUDIES OF MAGNETIC STIMULATION EFFECT ON SINGLE NEURAL CELL VIABILITY AND PROLIFERATION ON GLASS AND NANOPOROUS SURFACES ...................................................................................................................................15 Abstract .....................................................................................................................................15 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................16 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................18 Materials ............................................................................................................................. 18 Substrates for the Studies of Viability and Behaviors of Neuron Cells N27 ..................... 18 Arrayed SU8 Microholder Chip for Studying the Viability and Growth of Single Neural Cell N27.................................................................................................................. 20 Substrate Cleaning, Cell Synchronization, Cell Seeding, and SEM Imaging .................... 20 Sterilization ................................................................................................................... 20 Cell Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 20 Cell Seeding .................................................................................................................. 21 Fixing and Staining Cells .............................................................................................. 21 Imaging Cells ................................................................................................................ 22 Focal Adhesion Analysis .............................................................................................. 22 Cell Labeling with Fluorophores and Fluorescence Imaging for Live/Dead Assay ..... 23 SEM Imaging ................................................................................................................ 23 Experimental Setup for Applying MS to N27 Neural Cells ............................................... 23 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................................. 24 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................................26 Spreading of N27 Cells on Different Substrates ................................................................ 26 Viability of N27 Cells on Different Substrates under MS ................................................. 29 MS Effects on N27 Neural Cell Growth ............................................................................ 31 MS effects on morphology (area) of N27 cells on glass and AAO substrates .............. 31 MS effects on the cytoskeleton and paxillin localization.............................................. 32 MS effects on single N27 neural cell on microchips .................................................... 34 Conclusions ..............................................................................................................................38 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................38 iii References ................................................................................................................................39 Appendix. Supporting Information ...........................................................................................43 (1) Fabrication Process for SU8 Microholder .................................................................... 43 (2) Experimental Setup for Applying MS .......................................................................... 43 (3) Morphometric Analysis ................................................................................................ 45 (4) Cell Division Process .................................................................................................... 46 References ................................................................................................................................46 CHAPTER 4. STUDIES OF SINGLE NEURON CELL GROWTH ON NANOPOROUS SURFACE AND UNDER TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ...........................48 Abstract .....................................................................................................................................48 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................48 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................49 Neuron Cell N27 ................................................................................................................ 49 Preparation of AAO Nanoporous Substrate and Glass Substrate....................................... 49 Microholder Chip Fabrication ............................................................................................ 51 Experimental Setup for Applying TMS on Neurons .......................................................... 51 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................................53 Neuron Cells Growth on Nanoporous Surface vs. Glass Surface ...................................... 53 Effect of TMS on the Behavior of Neuron Cells ................................................................ 54 Single Neuron Cell Growth in Microholders ..................................................................... 56 Cell synchronization ..................................................................................................... 56 Cells seeding ................................................................................................................. 56 Summary ...................................................................................................................................59 Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................59