THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 River Evenlode River Glyme River Cherwell The Cotswolds River Ray River Windrush River Churn Eynsham River Leach " River Thame River Coln " OXFORD Chilterns FAIRFORD " CIRENCESTER " River Chess " LECHLADE e ABINGDON" River Misbourn " DORCHESTER " River Ock R River Wye CRICKLADE i v e r e T River Lea or Le h a m e s River Ray WALLINGFORD Marlow " Cookham " Colne Brook Henley-on-Thames " MAIDENHEAD LONDON " " " Goring mes Berkshire Downs ETON Tha " r River Lambourn e v " i R WINDSOR " River Pang READING " STAINES River Kennet " KINGSTON UPON THAMES " River Loddon CHERTSEY River Mole River Hart Blackwater River North Wessex Downs North Downs Guildford " River Wey 0 20 km Figure 1: The Thames Valley and surrounding region showing topography, rivers and main historic settlements (map courtesy of the British Geological Survey) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 2: 14th-century watermill and eel trap from the Luttrell Psalter (©British Library) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 3: The London Stone, Staines, Surrey (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 4: Abbey Mills, Chertsey, Surrey, c 1870 (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 5: Artist’s impression of Blackfriars ship 3 (after Marsden 1996, 88, fig. 73), (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Oxforde sheire Culnham Suscot mill bridge: Whose archeselarge are & deepe very Yefley mille Sandforde mills Newnham great lockes Iles lockes from hence to Abingdon the lockes River is forced up with a high banke breaches of the Some turnepeekes maine streame are to be made here Godstoe bridge in convienient place great lockes the River from the Mills to the Almeshouse is verie Rockie above and beneath the bridge Berkesheire Almesehouse Mills bridge Abingdon Figure 6: The Oxford–Burcot Commission (after Philip 1937, plate XIII), (©Oxford City Archives, OCA F.5.2., f.13, held at Oxfordshire History Centre) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 7: Chertsey Lock, Surrey, next to the River Thames (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 8: The Thames Conservancy at Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 9: Mapledurham Lock, Oxfordshire (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 10: Boating parties at Nuneham Courtenay (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 11: Oxford Canal Basin (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 12: Osney Lock, Oxford (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 13: Engraving of an ‘improved’ Kennet or Thames and Severn canal-type barge at Henley bridge (W.G. Fearnside, c 1834), (©University of London) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 14: Reconstruction sketches of the Binsey Boat, c AD 1800 (after Durham et al. 2006), (©Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 15: Medieval map of Chertsey (c 1432), showing its timber bridge (©National Archives) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 16: The third bridge at Hampton Court (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 17: Marlow Suspension Bridge, Buckinghamshire, c 1834 (©Historic England) THE THAMES THROUGH TIME The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods AD 1000-2000 Figure 18: Clifton Hampden Bridge (©Historic England).